Housing Problem Of The Workers In Shanghai And Government's Countermeasures In The Period Of Nanjing National Government

The period of Nanjing national government is the Chinese society modernization exploration and advancement time, also is an important time of urban development. Shanghai in the industrialization and the urbanized developing process, worker housing problem is prominent day by day, national government's policy also appeared many tremendous and profound changes correspondingly. Carried on to this time of Shanghai worker housing problem and the government countermeasure, domestic and foreign scholars made some significant discussions, this paper attempts on the foundation which the predecessor studied, according to the files which consulted, to carry on the historical data of the Shanghai worker housing problem, comb and expound, to describe the worker's living condition, and review the reason which the worker housing problem produced, thoroughly discuss the Nanjing national government correlated management and legislation about the housing problem of Shanghai, the concrete measure and its implementation effect.This research indicated, before the 20's of 20th century Shanghai worker's housing condition is extremely bad, mainly displays in: First, worker's housing mostly belongs to the injurious to health; Second, worker housing buildings' material is simple and rough, the construction quality is low; Third, the housing space is crowded and disorderly, the housing environment is bad; Fourth, the house rent and the building tax are unreasonable and in existence long-term, accounts for the proportion which the worker receives is very high; Fifth, the housing necessary infrastructure is worse. The worker has made the tremendous contribution to the industrialization and the urbanized development, but they own housing actually is in a kind of relatively bad condition, the reason mainly on: First, the housing supply is insufficient seriously. The urbanized tide urges the huge growth of the urban population, the massive immigrations swarm into shanghai, appears the phenomenon of person multi- Fang less. Second, the worker's own economical level is low, generally worker's wage is not high, and occupation is unstable, cause the worker to impoverish. Third, the government lacks the effective social management and the regulation to the worker housing problem, causes the worker housing problem to be seriously day after day.After the Shanghai special municipality government had been established, under the Nanjing national government overall frame, intervenes worker housing problem positively, enacts the place plan on aiming at the housing area, the house rents, the house rent standard as well as the house construction rule correlation legislation. Although the Shanghai special municipality government manifests the independency, the tendency towards compromise, the emergency in the housing management legislation aspect and not the continuous characteristic, but these legislations strengthened the Shanghai special municipality government to manage the populace housing the authority, strengthened the government to the social management function, simultaneously strengthened the Nanjing national government to the Shanghai special municipality government's surveillance restriction.The significant action of the Shanghai special municipality government improving the Shanghai worker housing problem is to eliminate and alleviate the shantytown housing and the slum area. The public authority acts according to the shantytown inhabitant's actual situation, and acts as circumstances permit, to measure off the area of forbidden making houses and the temporary shantytown. The foundation on banning the shantytowns housing is to construct the common people housing, alleviates the shantytown housing crowded condition. Simultaneously the Shanghai special municipality government constructs the neighborhood housing further, makes the standard neighborhood housing on construction, improves the worker community the hygiene condition and the consummation necessary facility vigorously.Although Shanghai's special municipality government took a series of measures to attempt to solve the worker housing problem, alleviated "the shortage of housing" in the certain degree, but fundamentally solved this social problem by no means, after the liberation of Shanghai, there still has the massive shantytowns housing.