Ideological And Poetological Manipulation In Literary Translation In The CRP

Guided by Lefevere's rewriting theory, this dissertation explores the manipulation of ideology and poetics in the translation of The Winds of War in the CRP.According to AndréLefevere's translation as rewriting, translation is one form of rewriting and creating textual image. All rewritings reflect certain ideology and poetics. Translation is translator's manipulation in a text, making literature function in certain society in a manner. Literary system has got two manipulation mechanisms. One is an exterior mechanism, which links literature with exterior environment, and in which patronage and ideology play important roles; the other is interior mechanism, which is made up with poetics and implicit terms, such as"expert"and"professionals". Translator's ideology and the dominant poetics are two basic elements determining literary translation. On one hand, ideology manipulates the basic translation strategies and prescribes the way of settling the problems linked with universe of discourse and language. On the other hand, translators often try to rewrite the original in terms of the poetics of their own culture, simply to make it pleasing to the new audience and, in doing so, to ensure that the translation will actually be read.The dominant ideology at the time of the translation of The Winds of War is a quasi-war ideology. Mao's ideology in philosophy and politics directly influences the dominant ideology in the Cultural Revolution Period. Mao's political treatise On Contradiction and Practice exerts direct influence on the political ideology in the CRP with the key-words such as class struggle, revolution, Communism and so on. The poetics in the CRP is also under the influence of Mao's views on art and literature. Talks on Art and Literature at the Yenan Forum (1942) and Summary (1966) are two creed featured documents which are greatly conducive to the poetics in the CRP. According to Lefevere's definition of poetics, the dominant poetics in the CRP (political mass poetics ) can be summarized as the following: the acceptable literary types are those modeling the"model operas"(样板戏)with the prototypical characters, namely,"the heroic workers, farmers and soldiers", themes on the reality of current life and writing principle in line with"three proletarian prominences"(三突出) serving the purpose of political authority of working class, peasantry and soldiers.