On The Urban House And Land Transaction Management Of Qing Dynasty

City is the outcome of human civilization. It centralizes mankind's main material progress and spiritual civilization, and includes various aspects of people's life. House and land, which is the essential resources for people in urban areas, was transacted on the market as special resources in feudal China. Han Dynasty witnessed the early stage in house and land transaction in ancient China, and the transaction experienced great development in the following Dynasties such as Sui and Tang Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty. It was not until Qing Dynasty that the transaction reached its summit. Qing Dynasty, being the last dynasty in the history of feudal China, witnessed the unprecedented development in the traditional citied and unparalleled prosperity in house and land transaction.House and land transaction is the transfer and reallocation of property rights of house and land. It has close relation with state laws. The Qing government issued a great number of laws such as contract, pawn, pawn land rent, steal and sell, official sell, etc.. Meanwhile, house and land transaction is the transformation of rights and interests of house and land. Its legal relation needs contract to stipulate and reflect, i.e., contract is important evidence for house and land transaction. It was not until Qing Dynasty that the house and land transaction was improved and standardized and the corresponding contract system was set up, which helped to strengthen the legal effect of the urban house and land transaction.The setting-up of state laws as well as contract system needs a strong executive...