Study On The Urbanization Process, Cause And Characteristic In Early Days Of The People's Republic Of China

The horizontal starting point of urbanization of our country is very low in the early days of foundation , the regional urbanization level is uneven in development, and the deformity characteristic of the urbanization is obvious. However, after liberation, with the national independence and unity of the country, the political mechanism begins to become the key motive force mechanism of leading urbanization development. In order to change the unreasonable state of the urbanization of old China completely, new Chinese Government progressively adjusted the urbanization development way, the steps and the direction through changing consume-city into production city, restructuring the relationship between the city and the country and planning the nationals' economy perfectly. As a result, Chinese urbanization development could realize transformation thoroughly.In the " First Five-Year Plan " period, the priority development strategy of the heavy industry established by country, development strategy of regional economic equilibrium, city key development strategy made economic operational mode, regional economic layout, urban and rural economies relation etc. of new China change greatly.First of all, under the political environment in the Sino-Soviet international alliance and the stable civil environment, the Chinese government put national resources together through the planning system and the correct urban development policies, which impel China's urbanization to develop at full speed in a short time;Secondly, fast natural population growth and population flow become important reasons of urban development; In addition, under the right guidance of the Party and government, the primary, secondary and tertiary industries get fast development this period, and has promoted the accelerating of urbanization.The urbanization of China got rapidly development from 1949 to 1957. Not only urban quantity is increasing constantly, urban population increases notably, the city size is obviously expanded and the urbanization level improves rapidly, but also does the urban development of different areas balance gradually. So the urbanization in the early days of foundation demonstrates distinct characteristic.First, the nature of the city is changed into the productive city of socialism from the semi-colonial and semi-feudal consumption city, and is changed from dependent to independent; The overall characteristic of urbanization process is steady and fast, and the structure of society and economy in urban and rural areas strengthens further.. At the same time, the way of urbanization development is under the country's control and plan, rather than develops as it pleases, and the regional urbanization development still demonstrates obvious disequilibrium.As a whole, the city of new China demonstrates three following new development trends: first, Because of the rapid industrial advance, the development speed of the large and medium cities is accelerated further. Second, the city space distribution structure is changed to the whole country's balanced development from the situation of the east's priority to the west,. Third, The urban function structure is changed to the production model from the consuming type, and the political function , industrial function and comprehensive function of the city are strengthened notably. Such urban transition of development trend caused that the urbanization of China in 8 years from 1949 to 1957 already presented the expansion of quantity finally, the qualitative leap has appeared too, so as to promote the urbanization level of new China greatly.But the heavy industrialization strategy produces a great deal of adverse effects on the urbanization development later.On one hand, the heavy industry strategy taking pursuing economy and growing at top speed as main goal leads to makeindustry break away from the objective reality of workforce's surplus and fund in short, and develop in the capital-intensive direction, which causes the urbanization development level to a long stagnation in the sixties the 20th century. Resources of the high strength are mobilized, the heavy industry of the industrial structure slopes, the government accumulates capital through shifting agricultural income secrectly and the low resource utilization ratio by which is caused, all these have cast the characteristic that China's urbanization lags behind to industrialization together.On the other hand, in order to balance the regional development, the government develops heavy industry in a more cost-effective manner in backward Midwest cities, which causes modern large-and-middle-scale scarce and organic each other in economic connection. Furthermore, because this belongs to the " embedded city " development model, the impact on regional economy is only limited to one slice of factories, and the regional urbanization can be caused by it is more limited.At the same time, due to the excessive emphasis on the regional balance, the relatively slow development of the eastern coastal cities has led the urbanization development to artificial restriction, which is unfavorable to give its full play to the existing position advantage. These factors hinder, even limit the further urbanization development, thus it produces a series of negative influences to develop the urbanization in the future, until today.