The Probe Into The Huang-Zongxi's Political Philosopy

Huang-Zongxi was a thinker during the early Qing-Dynasty and the later Ming-Dynasty .He is known as one of "The Three Great Thinkers in the early Qing-Dynasty" with Wang-FuZhi, Gu-YanWu at that time. He experienced the whole course of the political ruthlessness of the Ming-Dynasty , Qing's troop going down south and the extinct of the Ming-Dynasty. Huang-Zongxi had threw himself into the arm activity against the Qing-Dynasty actively and insisted on struggle for eight years, which finished in failure in the end. After that, like a lot of others intellectuals of the Han nationality at that time, he began to probe into the reason of the Ming-Dynasty extinct from the ideology and culture aspects. The Song-Ming New-Confucianism had been the official philosophy for long time, and occupied the dominant position on ideology and culture field. The New-Confucianism was divided into the Chengzhu Group and the Luwang Group, both of whom brag about themselves "holy to study"(the theory of Kong-Mong) and inherited the orthodox Confucianism of Kong-Meng directly . In the traditional intellectuals mind, the Confucianism was the doctrine of administrating countries and running society, but why didn't the doctrine of Chengzhu and Luwang known as the orthodox doctrine of Kong-Mong save the Ming-Dynasty destiny of being extinct? Through introspecting, Huang-Zongxi thought that it was the result of "Shengxuebuming (the unidentified holy theory)". Which means that Huang-Zongxi should make a criticism to the ontology of Chengzhu and Luwang, including the late WangXue, structure the ontology of the Confucianism again, launch the corresponding Gongfu theory on this basis, which is the academic history work. By analyzing WangXue, Huang-Zongxi structured the new ontology ,which was "dominance is not outside popularirty, it prevails with orders". Huang-Zongxi promoted it into the moral aspects of "Shengshengzhiren", and...