The Studies On The Pension System In Zhou Dynasty

It is the fine tradition of an ancient society of China to support elders, the quintessence of Chinese culture and even eastern culture. Its important content related to the ancient officer of our country, length of schooling and folk custom, study Chinese ancient political system, indispensable important component of the system of the school and folk custom. People of Zhou merged tradition and custom of the former generation together, it got further development, and became a system of the country gradually, though it was only a state of the embryonic form, had played the function of taking over from the past and set a new course for the future, the later dynasty develops further on this basis, had set up more and more complete the pension system. This text divides four parts to describe the pension system in Zhou dynasty altogether. First of all, trace back to the custom of supporting elders in the past of Zhou dynasty. Combine one's own characteristic of Chinese primitive society with some content of "Complete Works of Marx and Engels ", deducing the primitive mankind of our country of prehistoric period had an old custom supporting elders, among them blood clan's relation played a decisive role. Whether period of Yu Shun , Xia and Shang dynasty inherited the custom of the primitive society and changed on this basis. The influence of blood clan's relation was desalinized gradually, the influence of the region relation was outstanding day by day, this had reflected the characteristic of the national forming process exactly. According to the records of "Li Ji ", during the period of Yu Shun, Xia and Shang dynasty something special was regulated, including diet , clothes and beginning to support elders in school. In the second part I discuss the principle of the pension system of Zhou dynasty, namely morality, rank of nobility, consanguinity relation with age mainly. Age was respect ion elders. It was also influenced by morality, rank of nobility, consanguinity. Among them, morality is closely related to age, morality hopes to be all to be always for describing old people by saying recognition elite in ancient times. The rank of nobility was officer's rank of nobility, in the pension system, with recognition age of rank of nobility in Zhou dynasty, still the rank of nobility with the age. Zhou dynasty "consanguinity " had great influence to the pension system, people of Zhou dynasty paid attention to behavior of blood relationship, proved primitive clan period support elders custom to be yet remaining, often the ruled utilizes this kind of custom, become and win talents over by any means , consolidate the means to rule. The third part is a discussion of the main content of the pension system of Zhou dynasty. Inherited and developed the custom of supporting elders of former generation in the pension system in Zhou dynasty. The research mainly from to support elders terms and support elders treatment two start with Zhou dynasty. While introducing the condition of supporting elders, make and take an exam of distinguishing to two questions on opinions vary. (1) the standard of old people of Zhou dynasty. Think the fixed standard of age of old people should start at 50 in Zhou dynasty, this was proceeding from physiologic angle, the old people in the physiological meaning. There are old people in a sociology meaning at the same time. (2), Synthesize every school statement, the elders it supported included 3 kinds. Old officers, multitudinous old, fathers or grandfathers of the person who died for national calamity. Supporting elders in Zhou dynasty , the record of the treatment was more detailed, daily life diet , wear clothes , occupy place , competent way , lose preparation , deductions and exemptions forced labour that had , raised the political position had relevant regulations. Officer resigned from an official post soon in 70 s (or call thing of causing , cause policy), is it retire to resign from an official post while being so-called, have corresponding official's salary in order to support the family after retiring. Another main content of the pension system to support elders in school Zhou dynasty, it raised country to be old raising multitudinous and old of the primary school among university to include, raised the old people in schools. But not every old people qualified to raise in school, only morality, outstanding ones could enjoy to be so munificent treatment. Particularly, country always officer person who resign from an official post, the emperor reached the educational inspection of the university to want every year, every educational inspection must walk gift that support parents, purpose to let participating in the conference five grade duke under an emperor and other government official return to country their return their person each, rate competent gift that support elders, in order to declared publicly heart , benevolence of kindness, color very much strong political complexion have. Multitudinous always common people are old, sub younger brother in the educational township in studying in the township at ordinary times , besides this, drink gift and township penetrate gift enjoy special courteous reception , shoulder for choose low-grade responsibility of government official for imperial court also at the same time in township. Have special treatment to the father of the persons who laid down one's life for one's country grandfather too in Zhou dynasty: With charge tax that door imprison remove country spend remaining part to raise national calamity person father grandfather very much afterwards, and is offered as a gift people to grant to them. The fourth part is about the function of the pension system .On one hand the pension system helped the ruler to maintain and rule. It was the tool that the ruler pursued t filial piety, it was one of the important social conditions causing subjects to obey to the supreme ruler too; It made the people in the country come over and pledge allegiance and expanded the range of ruling. Old people had abundant production experience of life and political experience, the wit is far-reaching, can often focus on the distant place and accurate to judge, had ability to run and stabilize a country. On the other hand, it is...