The Study On The Valency Of Verbs In Yi Jing

Zhou Yi(《周易》)is an Chinese ancient pre-Qin book and record,which has extremely special feature, it includes Yi Jing(《易经》)and Yi Zhuan(《易传》). This paper concentrates on Yi Jing that provides important material for the study on Chinese ancient language. But the successive scholars seem to pay little attention to its language, the thesis and works about its language are rare actually. In this paper, basing on the language of Yi Jing, we adopt the grammar theory of valency to discuss and analyze verbs in Yi Jing in light of lexical item as unit, thus suggest an accurate description of the grammar system of Yi Jing deeply. This paper consists of two chapters. The first chapter has four parts. (一) Abstraction of verbs in Yi Jing In this paper, 276 verbs in Yi Jing that we are deeply convinced are drawn out firstly,then we regards these verbs in Yi Jing as the target of investigation. While confirming and abstracting the verbs in Yi Jing, we strictly follow the principle that the grammatical function combines with the lexical meaning. (二) Semantic feature of verbs in Yi Jing The difference of semantic feature of verb is closely related to the difference of valency, then the change of the semantic feature will often cause the change of valency. Therefore, before studying the valency of verbs in Yi Jing, we should make the semantic feature of all kinds of verbs clear firstly. In this paper,we divide the semantic feature of verbs in Yi Jing into five classes: movement verb, state verb, existence verb, similarity verb and modal verb. (三) Semantic role of subordinate component of verbs in Yi Jing The grammar theory of the valency announces the ability that the verb dominate subordinate component. It reflects the quantity of the semantic component related to verb. It is necessary to announce semantic role of each subordinate component that is subordinated to verb for elaborating the domination ability of verb in an all-round way. We divide the semantic role of subordinate component of verbs in Yi Jing into 13 classes in this paper. (四) Discreteness of lexical item of verbs in Yi Jing Lexical item is the basis of the study of verb valency. It is the reason why we adop the principle that the lexical meaning combines with semantic function when we study the valency of verbs in Yi Jing. By seperating polymous verbs in Yi Jing, we obtain the lexical item. The second chapter lay emphasis on analyzing of the valency system of verbs in Yi Jing. First of all, we elaborate the valency grammar theory of verbs in Yi Jing. It includes characters of valency, structure of valency, determination of semantic valent and syntactic phase, relation between semantic valent and syntactic phase, and determination of quasi-semantic valent and quasi-syntactic phase . Secondly, we attain the valency system of verbs in Yi Jing by carrying out analyzing qualitativly 276 verbs in Yi Jing in terms of the valency theory. Simultaneously, we determine the basic sentence pattern in Yi Jing on three classes: S+V; S+V+O; S+V+O1+O2. Finally, we try to prove its written time by discuss the usage of several verbs in Yi J ing...