Cultural Speculation From The Perspective Of Communicative Rationality

Over the long period of Western history, rationality is always an eternal note in a tune. In the times of the Enlightenment , rationality became a strong weapon to get rid of theocracy-worship and religiosity . In the bourgeois democratic movement , rationality , as supportive power and ideology , remains to keep the bourgeois values and their emotional pursuit in the process of bourgeois "dispelling ghosts" . However , as Marx has claimed ,capitalism is not as perfect as we expect , and capital accumulation is full of brutal massacre and serious oppress . "Alienation" has become a key to Marx's revelation of the unreasonable , unfair and inhuman in capitalism ideology . Following the suits of Marx ,Western Marxists and Frankfore School seriously criticized the nature of capitalism and the extreme expansion of instrumental rationality in capital culture . Lukacs argued rationality is "the nature of goods-worship"; Horkheimer and Adorno believed that rationality is equal to sameness and unity ; Marcuse , with the paroxysm of rebellion and revolution , showed how rationality makes a person lose his personality and passive , and become a listless "single-faced person" , which has become the proudest cultural discovery of Marx ,unlike Western Marxist and the Frank fore School's criticisms in rationality , Habermas ,who takes a leading role in the third generation of the Frankfore School , not only stresses criticizing rationality but also realizes the importance of theoretic retrospection and rational reconstruction .Thus , besides distinguishing different kinds of reasons , he focuses on the criticism in the instrumental and historical reasons which distort and alienate the rationality itself , and highlights humanism and value concern which have been conceived in the rationality itself . The belief that do not throw the bath water out with the child has become the best metaphor in a testimony to Habermas' rationality dialectic perspective and analysis .therefore , communicative rationality remains to become one of his most inspired term after he criticized and retrospected on it .At first , Habermas analyzed alienation of rationality in the course of historical development . Then he put forward the cultural contents of communicative rationality based on Marx's labour theory and the Frankfore School's critical theories as well as Weber modern society theory . Besides, he metaphysically analyzed the relations between human and nature , between human and 'the other' ,human and self from the common daily speech , and thus points out the three relations are internally compatible with values of intercourse validity , namely the truth of the statement , accuracy of the interaction and sincerity of expression . In this way , communicative rationality can get rid of the limit of instrumental reason , but also keep its reasonable nucleus of value concern , which offers a context for the individual pleasure as well as a way in the global context to choose .Under the guidance of communicative rationality , his literary and aesthetics is embodied in literature concept , aesthetic modernity and popular culture on the basis of intersubjectivity . In the public sector , the literature concept first time reveals what literature represents in its positive effects of discussion , criticism and coherence in the process of forming bourgeois public sector . That takes a new look on literature in the philological speculation from the perspective of sociology . His aesthetic modernity criticism and reconstruction answer the question what kind of power can burden the important task of man's heart-reshaping and rebuilding aesthetic homeland after the art breaks away with morality and science in the modern history ,The criticism of aesthetic modernity starts with the capitalist reality , revealing the governing nature of instrumental and historical reason , and directing the retain of man's spiritual homeland . The process of reconstruction propose, the possibility in how to make the detached individual not lonely any lo...