| The Romanticism Movement taking place in Europe from the late 18th to the mid-19th century was a strong and influential ideological trend. It covered a wide range from philosophy, religion, arts to natural science. In a word, the Romanticism Movement was a comprehensive movement. It started from German, establishing the idealism philosophy raised by Fichte and Schelling as its basis, showing the strong flavor of metaphysics and mysticism. In England, it reflected the influence of Protestantism spirit upon the people living in the northern part of Europe, showing the trend of objective idealism and the function of self-illumination. In France, it was collided with the Enlightenment thoughts and became the results of political struggle. The Romanticism Movement represented the cultural formation of the new and rising the bourgeoisie, it was diametrically opposed to the old-fashioned arts that were popular among the feudal reign class. In addition, the popular theory of Utopian socialism also played a positive role for the Romanticism Movement as subject and empty political ideas.The painting of romanticism was important part of the arts in the Romanticism Movement. It had different features in German, England and France. In German, it was expressed in landscape painting, with Friedrich who was great influenced by subjective idealism as its representative. In England, it was expressed in religious painting and landscape painting, with Black, a Christian; and Turner, a landscape painter as its representatives. In France, it was expressed in historical painting and genre painting, with Gericault and Delacroix who pursued freedom and democratic thoughts as its representative.This thesis makes a in-depth study into the aesthetics thoughts and the painting formation in the European Romanticism Movement. In this way, the author hopes the readers can make a further understanding of the European art history through the study of romanticism arts in the perspective of its spirits and form.
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