The Tang Dynasty Recommends Lifts The System Research

Recommends lifts the achievement to select official's one way, may trace the pre-Qin period most early, turned over the throne to another to select the lower level official township the system, the primitive society last stage in including the ancient times time upper formation to the Western Zhou Dynasty time to lift chooses the system, Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States time three to choose the system, to guarantee recommends, to the Qin and Han Dynasty time, has recommended for an official position the system, to push selects for the government official, observes lifts the system, observed lifts the system the implementation also to extend to the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties time, while the nine chief ministers of state system's, observed lifts the system to display is selecting talented person's function.The Tang Dynasty recommends lifts the system to compare with the first generation, had the more or less change from the content to the form. The Tang Dynasty recommends lifts including male recommends, private recommends and offers to volunteer. In these recommend lift in the form, male recommends is regarded as most to be able to select the talented person to elect the official way, but private recommends, because stemming from certain personal reasons by the common people was thought that is and male recommends runs counter. In fact, in the glorious age of Tang poetry time, the massive writers, the recluse good friend's recommendation results in the official through the dynasty, cannot the denial constantly private recommend the system, private recommended is only the question is too later period serious in the Tang Dynasty, becomes had appoints one which of methods the power formed cliques personally, forms cliques for selfish ends, also has created the administrative style and achievements of local officials confusion. But offers to volunteer the achievement to choose official -like rare and beautiful flowers, is considered in the royal government has person of nobody recommendation the talent only then to establish, this and in the imperial civil service examination system's system lifts reaches the same goal or conclusion from different approaches, it can the greatest degree lift official's status limit to fall to lowly, because in simultaneously offers to volunteer attains the official to be quite difficult, causes certain writers to obtain the government position, by any means possible flatters flatters the person in power, this kind offered to volunteer has also lost the noble welldoing which originally should have as the writer, offered to volunteer also has potential of the deterioration.Recommends in the Tang Dynasty lifts in system's gradual forming process, although the voting right lets loose gradually, has received from the central committee and the place many kinds of influence disturbances, thus created has recommended lifts has overflowed, to be excessively many, had the adverse effect to the bureaucrat system, also right centralization system's threat. Emperor can not but make the adjustment and the reform many times, is sure need to appoint under the appropriate premise to guarantee to the voting right the control. But develops unceasingly along with the electoral system and day by day complete, as well as selected officials on the basis of qualifications the system the prevalent abuse, the main control authority which the government official selected gradually has also been separated from Central authorities' control. But recommended lifts the system still unceasingly to develop under such contradiction, said from the actual result, emperor to appointed the power the control not to achieve the given objective.The Tang Dynasty recommends lifts the system in gradually the institution process, passes through two stages roughly: Namely Tang great-great grandfather to the Xuanzong initial period; Xuanzong later period to Tang Mo. In the preceding stage is the Tang great-great grandfather to Tang Gaozong the time, recommends lifts also not the standard, but in the Wu Zetian time, recommends lifts the system to develop the peak time, large quantities of young landlord, the cold gatekeeper person through are recommended mount the political arena, but simultaneously also has created official error extremely anxious, had to establish many examination officials, this kind released authority boldly, makes an exception the juren procedure to receive the later generation Lu Zhi appreciation; Meanwhile, does not need through the board of personnel to inspect, but receives the official straight, has created the fundamental principle rout, but this time male recommends before in the non-official error situation does not pause. The second stage, Xuanzong time to Tang end. In Xuanzong to the German ancestor time, the central committee has relaxed the condition which recommends lifts, causes many government officials, even the cotton garment had the recommendation opportunity, also causes the Xuanzong dynasty to be abundance of capable people. But after Anlushan Rebellion, the royal government changes the center of gravity puts down a rebellion, this policy has affected austere, a generation of time, has created the austere ancestor time"the politics or momentarily, many by expedient", recommends lifts the system also therefore not to have the big breakthrough. Until the German ancestor time, this kind of chaos only then changes, recommended lifts the system also to return the stock rail. Constitution ancestor time to Tang end, because the centralization system in Tang later period the powerful minister, the officials, the place fence government office and so on under several influence's common impacts, already inevitable had lost the dominant position, it to chooses official's words power also to weaken along with it. Although emperor may use in the hand the authority to recommend lifts carries on certain restraint, but looked like once the central station province senior official who abolished was recommended is the same, the big trend of development was already irreversible.The Tang Dynasty recommends lifts the system, entered Shi with the imperial civil service examination combined action greatest degree's suppression protection accorded due to family prestige and reputation, absorbed large quantities of young landlord, the Pu knowledgeable person to participate in the political power business coming up, specially recommended lifts to cause the duty to recommend, after warding off bureau presenting a memorial requesting official, absorbed large quantities of military function or official posts to enter the Shi. Relativity protection accorded due to family prestige and reputation system, in own enters the Shi beginning and the extension moves in the speed already and the previous dynasty had the big disparity, the protection accorded due to family prestige and reputation system in chooses in official's status to slide day by day; The Tang Dynasty recommends lifts the system, causes the common people cotton garment, to elect the human, in office officials to have obviously enters the Shi channel, moves regarding talented person's appointing with official's extension has the explicit system to stipulate, is system guarantee which the recommendation can complete smoothly; The Tang Dynasty recommends lifts the system, from temporary, auxiliary chooses official -like to turn the system to choose official -like importantly, to the Song Dynasty recommend in the future lifts the system to consummate creates the premise, the Song Dynasty has profited from the Tang Dynasty to recommend lifts the system, is been day by day strict to the one who recommends and by the lifting stipulation; To recommends lifts the content the further refinement, guarantees recommends the system also finally to establish in the Song Dynasty.