Methods Of The Language Used To Express The Positive And Negative Judgment In Russian Newspapers

Recently, quite a lot of researches on the application of semantics and pragmatics have been done, which paves the way for deeply researching into the essential meaning of judgments, especially the social judgment in mass media. Judgments, which take part in organization of the verbal communication, are the important part of linguistics.Researches on judgments in modern linguistics works are from multi-perspectives, and different individuals have different views on how to regard the concept of judgments, how to define the scope of judgments, how to categorize the meaning of judgments. Besides, judgments are related to many other topics. Thus, it is normal that researches on them are quite complex and complicated. Further analyses about those issues mentioned above are attempted to do in this article with corpora from newspapers.Methods used in language to express positive and negative judgments in Russian newspaper will be studied systematically in both theoretic and applicable ways in this article, in detail as below:(?) To describe the concept of judgments from linguistics(?) To look into the connotation of the meaning of judgments(?) To sum up types of the meaning of judgments(?) To profile the social judgment in modern Russian newspapers(?) To analyze methods used in language to express positive and negative judgmentsCorpora used in this article are selected from Russian main newspapers like "Russian newspaper", "Moscow youth league newspaper", "arguments and facts" and so on. Like other types of mediums, newspapers are able to embody those latest changes in social and political fields.The article will describe, sum up, illustrate, and analyze with relevant theories those corpora mentioned above.This article is constituted with foreword, three chapters, conclusion, references.We aim to identify the research prerequisite in first chapter "scopes of judgments is one character of Russian newspapers". It will glance at main categories and directions of scopes of judgments, and it will elaborate the concept of judgments, the classification, the nature of meanings of judgments and social judgments in Russian newspapers. Based on the rule of values "Good or Bad", those judgments are classified as positive or negative judgments with the interpretation of judgments from logical semantics.We analyze methods of those positive judgments expressed in Russian newspapers in second chapter. It is quite common that the method of judging positive is used in direct. Discussions of nominations set the base for readers to judge the stand of judgments. The method of re-nominations will emphasize this positive effect. Moreover, semantic expressions take important part of expressions used in positive judgments. Those expressions only with facts contribute to enhance readers'language reflecting, and this method embodies positive judgments. The method of changing factual information to conceptual information also is widely used. Besides, some fixed structure expressions in syntax are as well as used to give positive judgments. Kinds of rhetoric enrich methods to lay positive judgments. We will put our emphasis on as followed methods:enhance reasons of information, build "nice transition in the context", and apply tactful expressions, metaphor for judgments.We analyze methods of those negative judgment expressed in Russian newspapers in third chapter. It can't be ignored that nominations'ploys have been used in negative judgments. Nominations with negative judgments and nominations with neutral judgments' connotation are commonly used. "Term aging" is a method to give negative judgments by creating new derogatory terms. The quasi-static situation is to construct a series of terms whose meaning are similar, to strength the negative judgments' effect of expressions. Besides, some fixed structure expressions in syntax are as well as used to give negative judgments. Furthermore, the most widely used method of expressions is rhetoric:quote to give negative judgments dexterously; curse words are the top one used in expressions; at times punning on a word plays the role in giving negative judgments; evaluative metaphors apply both for positive and negative judgments; comparison for judgments is one favorite method.We summarize briefly and concisely in the chapter of conclusion. Based on our analysis, judgments expressed in Russian newspapers are largely restrained and influenced by contemporary society. Further, we derive all rules and principles of the society. Both positive and negative judgments are indispensible parts of the judgment, sharing attributes of the judgment itself in the meanwhile embodying their own characters.