Rise And Fall Of Perception And Reason

The nineteenth century European literature showed the splendid results of human spirit for self-construction and exploration from Ancient Greece. Meanwhile, it also saved historical inner-power for planar and fragmentation in depth model of 20th century European literature. The differentiation of European cultural values in 19th century led to the fragmentation of cultural sprit in 20th century. Thus it has further led to the fragmented state of 20th century European literature and culture.This study began in the European social value-oriented driven by 19th century European philosophy and social thought, focus on the difference of exploration and aspirations of romantic and reality ideological on the "human construct",which promoted the process of 19th century European literature. The so-called "human construct" means the public opinion preparing of value and real attempt on the people "virtuous to live" of the European social ideology after Enlightenment, which from different levels ,such as"value rationality" and "scientific rationality". This paper based on the creation research of the important writers in the series of thought trend above-mentioned, tried to aesthetic grasp the the process of value change on the "human construct" subject in 19th century European literature, revealed the diverse and complex cultural historical meaning on the performance of this topic in 19th century European literature.In Chapter I the writer systematically study the philosophy brewing of value poetics in 19th century European literature. This research revealed the human spirit strike of 19th century European society by the affect of core philosophy of famous thinkers such as, Kant and Darwin, which on the the process of European civilization in 19th century. Chapter II cleared the clues of romantic literature on the individual reconstruction along the philosophical context of Chapter I to explore the constructional road of the human individuals value and the overall spirit, by analyzing relationship between man and God in Whitman works, fond of nature of Wordsworth, the eccentric of the evil hero Don Juan described by Byron, humanitarian call God goodness of Hugo. In Chapter III, it investigated the secular human nature pursuited the "highest happiness index",which catalyzed by industrial civilization in European community "after the retreat of God". Enlightenment rationality developed the utilitarian factors in human body, human existence transform the the pursuit of spiritual meaning at past into the pursuit of "benefit index" in material existence and fame survival. Balzac detailed and vividly portrayed the evolution of social trends in 19th century European society, which from the utilitarian to the extreme individualism; Ibsen found the ghost phantom of social utilitarianism in the intensifying wave of personal utilitarianism. Thus, the "freedom, equality, fraternity" ideal promised to the human by Enlightenment then evaporated, and people became to swing between "God" and "evil", which described by Dostoevsky. Ersitai trying to show people split between body and soul the road to salvation by "moral self-improvement".Through the analysis of update and change of 19th century European literature on the "human construct" subject, we can reflect necessarilly for the development path of the humanitarian tradition in the whole European literature: human construction can not leave the guidelines of value no matter which times. Whether religious or secular, as the guidelines of the human spirit, this value rational should have the ability to elevation the human nature. We profoundly felt that the giant writters in 19th century European literature, such as Hugo, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky had done their best to the salvation of God for the human spirit in their novels. Although their power is meager, their ideal is utopian, but we appreciate the beyond of human in the great soul.