Kant's Critique Of Traditional Ontology

Since ancient Greek philosophy appear, the primary philosophy problem is exploreing the origin of the world, Furthermore, philosophy appear,develop in the pursuit of ontology,the ontology is the womb of philosophy, is the core of philosophy and metaphysics. Throughout the history of western philosophy, along with the development of human thought, philosophical ontology has different developing stages. In ancient times, science is not yet differentiation out from the philosophy, and this determines the pattern of philosophical understanding is always understanding existence from overall in general away, eventually intuitively grasp about ultimate exists, get knowledge of the ultimate reason, "What is the origin of the world " necessarily is the logical starting point and logical destination about for the cognitive model. On the ontological questions, although ancient philosophers's answers were different and protean in content, their the common thinking mode of the whole world is based on one or several of primordium, never beyond the boundaries of a kind of methodology:"pondering outside thought, directly from the world itself to explain the world. " In the Middle Ages, philosophy become theology's maid, rationality become the tool of faith, "God" and "god" was the only philosophical ontology, the center of the philosophy was researching to "God," "god", from the overall, medieval philosophy is Christian philosophy. This period of ontological discussion had also changed: First, Christian philosophy had Preseted out ontology "god", Secondly, it with the default ontology (god) as a starting point, had explored the essence of spirit, through cross-examining this absolute spiritual–God and deep into the structure of god with person of the soul,and had deeped into the general spirit of nature. So, the core of the Christian philosophy, no longer resembling ancient Greek philosophy to pursue " what is the origin of the world " ,hardly constructed the ontologily world dominated by god. In modern times, Descartes initiated the modern philosophy, "I thought" became into philosophical (metaphysics) basic starting point or "first principle",the man's subjectivity, self-awareness became philosophy foundation, and thence to solve the fundamental problems about existing and knowledge,and on this basis formed the main ontological object,Namely, "god," " I think" and "objects" three entities.Descartes subverted the ancient philosophyical cognitive model:"pondering outside thought", then turned to "pondering inside thought" cognition patterns ,made philosophy from the ancient intuitive philosophy,exploring what is ultimate exists in the objective world, steering to the modern reflection philosophy, consciousness as a starting point to solve the problems of unifing and of the relationship of thought and existence.After the modern rationalists leibniz, Wolf etc striven for develping this, modern reflection philosophy , compared with ancient ontology, has clearly presented both the two completely different routes of exploring ontology:"The pursuit of modern ontology for ontology is the identity of consciousness of identity the pursuit of ancient philosophy for ontology is the identity of the world".Hume philosophy profoundly effected Kant. Hume roused kant from rationlisms by questioning rationalists,then found rationalism is dogmatic ,unreality.it was in Hume inspiration that Kant launched criticism to rationlisms.From the ability of main rational knowledge setted out to explord and define the scope of functions for main rational knowledge,then to differentiate human's rational logical levels:theoretical logos and practical logos,delimited out the scope of knowledge of people ,and gived the development of metaphysics for a solid foundation,Namely identified the limits between science and metaphysical.Kant constructed the rational knowledge levels and ontology levels,Namely ontology and epistemology,The traditional metaphysics searched the ontological object under together ontology and epistemology, Kant critized traditional ontology by analyzing the two rational logical levels.Kant believe traditional ontology is disruptions, did not get reasonable answer always, because traditional ontology was trying to pursuit the ontology object in the phenomenon of constructing by theoretical logos,and there was not the thing of unconditional absolute full in the phenomenon.So Kant believed that ontology object pursuited by traditional ontology had beyond the range of knowledge for people,beyond the field of the function of theoretical logos.But Kant believed that the pursuing for metaphysics is a natural tendency for person,though the ontological object pursuited by the traditional ontology had beyond was objects by cognizing, but they were rational nature needs,were the practical rational object. Kant transferred objects pursuited by traditional ontology to his practice rational field, then Kant explained them in his practice rational and setted out the existence of god, free will, the immortal soul.Philosophy is essence of the spirit of The Times,Ontology is philosophical roots.Kant's critical of traditional ontology, means that he changed the fate of the philosophical ontology, gave new explanation for the question of Philosophy, gave new fundamental spirit for his age,satisfied his of age in basic needs,there laid the foundations of the science,meeted the demand of ontology for person.Kant's philosophy is critical philosophy, critical philosophy is the legacy of critical spirit,critical spirit is the priceless wealth for posterity,Critical spirit is the vanguard of the humanity realizes the ideological emancipation, give full play to human subjective initiative, obtain human status and dignity.Kant philosophy can be beyond, denial, but his critical spirit will is evermore, evergreen.