The Commentary Of The Eight Banners Manchu Hereditary Family

The Manchu hereditary family of the Qing Dynasty was the family which was an official for generations. As a prominent phenomenon of the Qing Dynasty politics, it was a very important "social issue" which affected the Qing Dynasty politics. The tribes' submission in the reign of Emperor Nuerhachi and the Eight Banners system on the basis of the submission were the source of the hereditary family. If the Manchu officials wanted to rank among the hereditary family,"the submission of the whole tribe"was one of the prerequisites, and"the outstanding military exploit"was one of the reasons which guarantee the official position on imperial court for generations. The Fu-cha clan was one of the most representative hereditary family which had military exploit of a different surname of the Qing Dynasty.Depended on heredity, descendant honors and military exploit and other systems, Manchu hereditary family had a quite stable political status. In the governance structure of the Qing Dynasty, Manchu family was in the core of stratum in the ruling class which had a very important position. In Fu-cha clan, there were both prime ministers on imperial court and military leaders on the battlefield. It was easy and quick for the hereditary family members to step into the career and promote, and one of the reasons was that the result of the policy which was"upholding Manchu first"had been implemented in the Qing Dynasty."Manchu"was not just a social identity which was an important resource innately that was depended by each Manchu in the political, economic and social life. One of the reasons that the heredity family's authority could pass on which maintained their social status was that the members needed to continue making contributions and fight for grace, etc. ; the more important element must be the emergence of elites from the family and the formation of management ability for generation with some influence. The family members needed to continue to make contributions that could continuously accumulate the most reliable political power. From the perspective of the supreme ruler, the Manchu heredity family could not only uphold the tradition but also work industriously and become loyal to the country and the emperor, so they naturally got rewards from the emperor. The continuous rewards to the heredity family were undoubtedly a high honor in the extremely autocratic imperial Qing Dynasty.It was the systematic factor of exist of the Manchu heredity family and their mutual relationship with the regime of the Qing Dynasty and the particularity, times, and nationality of exist of the Manchu heredity family that had fully demonstrated the special law of the nationality and politics in the Qing Dynasty. As the Manchu nobility emphasize"the difference between Manchu and Han"and the political dominant status of the Manchu Banners, the existence and play of their special role of "the Eight Banners Manchu hereditary family", had become an important perspective to understand the political affairs of the Qing Dynasty.