| Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of posterior corpectomy for thoracic vertebral fractures by comparing with the anterior, and provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application.Methods:We collected 34 cases of anterior and posterior corpectomy on thoracic fractures from 2005 to 2010, male 26 cases and 8 female, aged range from 18 to 64 years old, with an average of 39.4. Injuries reasons:height of fall injury in 13 cases, car accident in 8 cases,9 cases injured by heavy objects, falls in 3 patients. Injury segments:5 cases at T1-4,12 at T5-10,17 at T11-12. Nerve function according to ASIA:A grade in 15 cases, B in 7 patients, C in 3 cases, D in 5 cases, E in 2 cases. Surgical approach:19 cases of anterior surgery, posterior surgery in 15 cases. We analysed the operation time, bleeding volume and the recovery of neurological function through the medical records, and measured vertebral height ratio, kyphosis angle through preoperative and postoperative imaging data, and then maked statistically comparison between anterior and posterior.Results:The amount of bleeding volume of the anterior approach are more than posterior surgery, and there are significant differences (Mann-whitney test, Z=-2.955, P=0.003<0.05). The operation time of the anterior approach are longer than the posterior, and there are significant differences (Pair-sample t test, t=-5.786, p=0<0.05).There is no significant difference of anterior and posterior surgery in vertebral height, kyphosis angle and the recovery of neurological function.Conclusion:The severe thoracic compression fractures (or fracture-dislocation), and old fractures of thoracic vertebrae through the corpectomy and reconstruction can achieve good reduction. Compared to the anterior corpectomy and reconstruction.,there is high security for shorter operative time and less bleeding in the posterior approach. Neurological recovery can achieve the desired effect, and there is no significant difference between the anterior and the posterior.
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