| Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Total panax notoginseng saponins (tPNS) extracted from the dried roots of Panax Notoginseng, had the effects of cardiovascular protection. This study aimed at investigating the mechanism of tPNS inhibiting proliferation and migration of VSMCs.Methods and results:1 tPNS inhibits VSMC proliferationMTT and cell counting assays showed that tPNS treatment resulted in a reduction of VSMC proliferation. Western blot analysis showed that tPNS inhibited the expression of PCNA induced by 10% FBS, and increased the level of SM22αcompared with control group (P<0.05).2 tPNS inhibits VSMC migration and the expression of migration related proteinsWound healing assays demonstrated that tPNS significantly inhibited VSMC migration in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR results showed that the level of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and 9) and osteopontin (OPN) were markedly reduced in tPNS-treated group in does-dependent and time-dependent manner. Consistent with the RT-PCR analysis, the results of zymography assay showed that tPNS inhibited FBS-induced MMP-2, MMP-9 activity in VSMCs.3 tPNS inhibits neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rat carotid arteriesAt 14 days after balloon injury, the neointimal hyperplasia and I/M ratio in tPNS treatment groups were significantly reduced compared with injured group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of MMP-9 in neointima was significantly reduced in rats treated with tPNS (P<0.05). The results suggest that tPNS inhibits neointimal hyperplasia via mainly inhibiting VSMC migration.Conclusions:1 tPNS inhibits VSMC proliferation induced by serum.2 tPNS inhibits VSMC migration and MMP-2, MMP-9, OPN expression induced by serum.3 tPNS inhibits neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury.
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