The Estimation Of The Effective Doses For Interventional Employees In Cardiovascular Interventional Diagnosis And Treatment

PurposeCardiovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment is generally complex ,has several characters such as multi-angle perspectives, long working time and large exposure, therefore, interventional employees who are engaged in Cardiovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment will inevitably receive the certain extent radiant exposure, are many and individual protection will be limited because of many scattering lines. This study was based on the dates that DSA displayed of Cardiovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment in interventional operating room, and then selected experimental conditions. Simulate the actual process of Cardiovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment and put thermoluminescence dosimeters in organs,tissues and skin of Anthropomorphic phantom,measure and estimate the effective dose of radiation workers in cardiovascular interventional treatment. It is very significant to provide the basic data for strengthening and perfecting radiation protection work and radiation workers'health.Methods1 On-site inspection Record related parameters of DSA equipment while cardiovascular nterventional treatment in the hospital interventional operating room, such as pipe voltage, tube current, total perspective time, photography time, perspective way, cumulative dose area product, accumulated air kerma etc. 2 select experimental conditions Based on cumulative air kerma value size, collect and compare the collected data, , select three cases of cardiovascular interventional treatment with accumulated air kerma value in the highest, median and the lowest. According to the three values, Anthropomorphic phantom experiment was divided into three groups, namely the complex group ,the middle group and the simple group of cardiovascular interventional treatment. Put parameters which were recorded from DSA equipment as the conditions of DSA equipment perspective and photography in Anthropomorphic phantom experiment (table 2 to table 4).3 Thermoluminescence dosimeters preparation and scale TLD 2000P LiF (Mg, Cu, P) powder, Beijing kangkeluo electronic Co., LTD production, 240℃when annealing 15 minutes, after natural cooling by powder points loads separately the powder in 2mm diameter plastic tube spare. Send the prepared thermoluminescence dosimeters to Radiological diagnosis quality control lab of National Institute for Radiological Protection,China CDC to carry on the scale. X-ray quality as the 80kV(N80), the exposure dose Hp(10)(mSv) respectively was 0.20,0.50,1.00,3.00,5.00,expanded uncertainty of illuminate value was 5.0 (k = 2), calibration factor was 0.000699 mSv/Xi and Xi was instrument measurement reading (buckle the bottom).4 Anthropomorphic Phantom Experiment Place thermoluminescence dosimeters in Anthropomorphic Phantom Experiment inside the reservation holes of organs or tissues of anthropomorphic phantom that alternative interventional radiological workers , then put the thermoluminescence dosimeter on the different sides of head,chest,abdomen and gonad of anthropomorphic phantom, finally had the anthropomorphic phantom put on lead clothing, taken lead collar and placed the anthropomorphic phantom in the operating position where treatment radiological workers often stand and put the lead glass protective screen on the right place. We placed the anthropomorphic phantom that alternative patients in the bed, aim image receiver of DSA equipment at patient's chest. According to the experimental conditions were selected(table 1 - table 3), illuminate the anthropomorphic phantom that alternative patients in three groups, simulate the real operation process, after the experiment ,retrieved thermoluminescence dosimeters in turn, numbered and measure the result.5 Estimate the effective doses of interventional employees in Cardiovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment According to the anthropomorphic phantom experiment measurement results, estimate the effective doses of interventional employees in Cardiovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment In Cardiovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment of high, medium and low three dose groups, ,we calculated the absorbed doses of tissue or organ of anthropomorphic phantom and estimated the effective doses by the tissue weight factor which was given by International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 103 .ResultsIn the chest high dose group, the biggest absorbed dose for red bone marrow 184.65μGy, the second is splenic organ 84.75μGy ,again for bone surface 18.76μGy,absorbed dose of smaller for breast 0.75μGy and thymus 0.00μGy. In the chest medium dose group of the biggest absorbed dose is red bone marrow 195.67μGy , the second is bone surface 16.97μGy,again for pancreas 8.96μGy, absorbed dose of smaller for testicle 1.12μGy and thymus 0.00μGy.Chest low-dose group, the biggest organization absorbed dose red bone marrow 71.57μGy,the second for pancreas 20.35μGy, 13.35μGy again for skin, absorbed dose of smaller for thyroid 0.75μGy and small intestine 0.37μGy.The effective doses of high, medium and low group for chest of interventional employees are 36.0,29.4,15.9μSv, respectively.ConclusionsWe can conclude from the results of Anthropomorphic Phantom Experiment that the effective doses of interventional radiation workers which are in high, middle and low groups of chest were not reach the level of radioactive damage.Intervention radiological workers in diagnostic process must wear lead protective clothing, wear lead hat, lead collar and lead glasses, use suspensory lead glass protective screen and the bed side lead protective shade, bed side protective plate etc, maximizely reduce the exposure dose. Intervention radioactive workplace without shielding protection facilities and shielding protection which are not reach national protection standard must be reformed, ensuring the health and safety of intervention radiological workers in this long-term environment.Intervention radiological workers must be monitored radiological workers personal dose comply with the requirement of GB 128-2002 occupational external radiation personal monitoring standards and GB 5294-85 method, every three months for one monitoring cycle, four times a year. There has the important meaning to monitoring intervention radiological workers'personal dose for protecting the health and safety of workers, evaluating radiological protection level of workplace, and improving the radiation protection management level.