| Objective: Cerebral ischemia is a common and frequently-occurring disease and it's one of the three leading causes of death in the world at the moment, with the high rate of recidivism, disability, mortality, and morbidity. Brain cell damages secondary to cerebral ischemia aggravats the sickness and inhibits the patients'prognosis. Despite the advancements in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of brain ischemia in the recent years, the therapeutic options to us remain still limited. It's reported that the inflammation and oxidative stress are proved to be the two important pathophysiologic mechanisms in the ischemic stroke. The opxidative stress and inflammation-related genes express dramatically in the neurons after cerebral ischemia. From the result we can get a new promising treatment strategy to the cerebral ischemia.Vascular dementia is a chronic progressive disease.It is caused by a variety of cerebral vascular diseases of the brain dysfunction which results from a syndrome of acquired memory and cognitive impairment. With the improved living standards and the aging of the population in the recent years, the incidence of vascular dementia markedly rises, and it not only affects the patients'quality of life and Physical and mental healthseriously, but also adds a very heavy load to the patients'family and society.According to the foreign report, vascular dementia is so far the only one dementia that can be prevented, and if the early treatment is gived to the patient it will even be reversible. The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway expresses in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and it is one of the very important growth regulatory pathways. Polydatin is an extract of Resveratrol. Resveratrol is first found in grapes, and it has been proved widely present in many plants such as Cassia, giant knotweed rhizome, mulberry, grapes and peanuts. Resveratrol has two configurations: the cis configuration and the transconfiguration, and in nature it exits mainly in transconfiguration It is a natural anti-oxidant, with the effect of reducing blood viscosity, inhibiting platelet aggregation, maintaining vasodilation, preventing cancer, and resisting atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and high blood cholesterol in rats. The Polydatin has the same medicinal value as the Resveratrol. Some studies show that Resveratrol has a protective effect to the neurons of cerebral cortex on acute cerebral infarction damage. But little is known about the effect of Polydatin to hippocampus during the acute cerebral infarction.This study is to evaluate the effect of Polydatin to the expression of Ptch1, Gli1 and SOD1 in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia in diffent times in rats.Methods: Male and healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to modified permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO), as described by Longa previously. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham operated group ( Sham ) , MCAO group, Polydatin group ( MCAO + Polydatin50mg/kg).Polydatin was administered immediately after MCAO.At 2h after ischemia neurological deficit was evaluated, and reference to Longa the rats with scores of 2-4 were included in the study. At 24h and 72h after ischemia the rats were sacrificed to analyze the expression of Ptch1, Gli1, and SOD1 by immunohistochemistry.Results: The Polydatin increased the expression of Ptch1, Gli1 and SOD1 after MCAO at 24h and 72h in the CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. The immunohistochemistry showed that the number of immunoreactive cells compared with MCAO group were statistically significant. (P < 0.05)Conclusions: The study found that Polydatin protected the hippocampus through increased the expression of Ptch1, Gli1, and SOD1 in ischemic stroke.
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