| This study was designed to investigate the effect of different modified tomato pomace, including tomato pomace modified by ultrafine composite powder and extrusion expansion plus ultrafine composite powder, on proximate composition, short-chain fatty acids produced in vitro, blood lipids level in high fat dietary rats. Results are as follows:1. The effects of tomato pomace modified by ultrafine composite powder and extrusion expansion plus ultrafine composite powder on proximate compositions of tomato peel dietary fibers were not significant. The results of formation in vitro showed that intestinal microflora could used different modified tomato peel dietary fiber and produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The pH value and SCFA increased firstly with formation time and began to decrease. Vitro formation of different modified tomato peel dietary fiber produced acetic acid, proanoic acid and butyric acid, little isobutyric acid and isopentanoic acid, and no valeric acid. Tomato pomace modified by extrusion expansion plus ultrafine composite powder formed much more acetic acid, proanoic acid and isobutyric acid, but butyric acid and isopentanoic acid were lower than the other two groups. Tomato pomace modified by ultrafine composite powder was in conformity with initial tomato pomace.2. The results of blood lipids in high-fat diet rats showed that the effects of tomato peel fdietary fiber on body weight, body fat and percentage of body fat were not significant. The effect of high dietary supplementation of tomato peel dietary fiber on arterial stiffness index was significant, and arterial stiffness index was as much as 5.72-8.84 times of the normal SD rats, which indicated that the long-time supplementation of high dietary fiber increased the incidence of arterial stiffness. The results of blood lipids in high-fat diet rats also showed that the dietary fiber had no-observed-effect.The effects of tomato peel dietary fiber on the blood lipids in high-fat rats were significant. Tomato pomace soluble dietary fiber (SDF) decreased the level of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents by 13.21%,14.08% and 30.28%, respectively, but had no-observed-effect on triglyceride (TG) content. Tomato pomace modified by ultrafine composite powder decreased the level of TC by 32.56% and had the positive dose-effects relationship. The effect of high dose dietary fiber on TG was not significant and low dose dietary fiber increased the concentration of TG by 91.11%. It decreased the concentration of HDL-C by 16.90% and had the negative dose-effects relationship. Tomato pomace DF modified by ultrafine composite powder decreased the concentration of LDL-C by 19.72% and low dose had good effects. Tomato pomace DF modified by extrusion expansion plus ultrafine composite powder decreased the level of TC by 35.66% and had positive dose-effects relationship. Low dose group increased the level of TG by 93.33%, but high dose group had no-observed-effect. Low dose group had negative effect on HDL-C, but high dose group increased the level of LDL-C by 57.80%.4. The influence of tomato peel DF on rats stool pH was not significant. Tomato peel SDF increased the concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid by 12.33% and 23.24%, respectively, but decreased the concentration of valeric acid by 42.95%. Tomato peel SDF modified by ultrafine composite powder increased the concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid by 25.03% and 39.41%, respectively, but decreased the concentration of valeric acid by 22.78%. Low dose group of tomato peel DF modified by modified by extrusion expansion plus ultrafine composite powder could increase the concentrations of acetic acid by 14.48%, but high dose group decreased the concentrations of acetic acid by 15.20%. Tomato peel DF modified by modified by extrusion expansion plus ultrafine composite powder decreased the concentrations of valeric acid by 52.06%.High dose of DF had big influence to serum acetic acid, proanoic acid and butyric acid, but little to isopentanoic acid and no valeric acid. SDF increased the levels of acetic acid and isovaleric acid by 81.60% and 26.92%, respectively. SDF decreased the levels of proanoic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and valeric acid by 5.90%,33.80%,37.28% and 62.63%, respectively. The effects of DF modified by ultrafine composite powder on serum acetic acid was significant and low dose group increased by 129.00%. It can decrease the levels of serum proanoic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid and isobutyric acid.The effects of DF modified by modified by extrusion expansion plus ultrafine composite powder on serum acetic acid was not significant, but decreased the level of serum proanoic acid by 22.93%. High dose group decreased the levels of serum butyric acid and valeric acid by 53.17% and 16.99%, respectively. Low dose group decreased the levels of isobutyric acid, but high dose group increased the levels of isobutyric acid by 23.93%. High and low dose DF modified by modified by extrusion expansion plus ultrafine composite powder increased the levels of isovaleric acid by 33.15% and 20.57%, respectively.
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