| Ananthropometric measurement is importance in dysmorphology, which can provide the characters in the dysmophic syndromes. In this article , the craniofacial measurements and internipple distance measurements were cross-sectional studied.(1) The measurements on the size of external ear and canthal distance in children and adolescents .(2) The change of Anterior Fontanel size with children aged 0-3 years.(3) The values of internipple distance in children aged 0-3 years. Objective :The study aimed to investigate the size of external ear and eye spacing in children and adolescents.Method :According to the ages of children ,such as neonate, 1 m, 3 m, 6 m, 9 m, 1y,2y,3y,6y,12y,and18y old, the length and width of the right ear and the eye spacing were cross-sectionally measured in 2200 children and adolescents from July 2009 to October 2010. The criteria to be involved:①All the children were singletons and terms at birth, birth weight>2500g;②Enrolled children and youth should be normal, excluding congenital malformations and Chromosomal abnormalities.Results :①The length and width of ear were 3.2cm-4.0 cm( 3.6cm)and 1.4cm-2cm( 1.7cm)in newborn; 4.4cm-5.4cm( 4.9cm)and 2cm-2.6cm( 2.3cm) in children aged 12 months; 4.9cm-6.3cm( 5.7cm)and 2.0cm-2.8cm( 2.5cm),5.0cm-6.4cm( 5.9cm)and 2.0cm-2.8cm( 2.5cm), 5.2m-6.8m( 6.2cm)and 2.0cm-2.8cm( 2.5cm)in children aged 6,12 and 18 years ,respectively;②The mean of the ear index for newborn was 49,and for the young children was 47, suggesting that the width and the length of ear grown proportionably,the index of ear gradually decreased to 40 after 6 years old ,suggesting the value of ear width was similar to adults;③The microtia was defined as the ear length less than 3.2cm in newborn,4.0cm in 6 month ,4.4cm in 1 year old ,4.6cm in 3 years old,4.9cm in 6 years old,5.0cm in 12 years old;The ear length more than 4.0cm in newborn was regarded as large ear and 5.1cm in 6 month,5.4cm in 1 year old,5.6cm in 3 years old,6.3cm in 6 years old, and 6.4cm in 12 years old.④The average of intercanthal distance(ICD),outer canthal distance(OCD)and palpebral fissure length(PFL) were 2.0cm,6.3cm and 2.1cm in newborn,and 2.5cm,7.9cm and 2.7cm in children aged 12 months;2.6cm,8.1cm and 2.7cm at age of 2 years old, while 2.7cm,8.1cm,2.7cm and2.8cm,8.2cm,2.7cm and 2.8cm,8.3cm,2.7cm,finally 2.8cm,8.4cm and 2.8cm in children aged 3,6,12 and 18 years ,respectively.Conclusions:①The microtia was defined as the ear length less than 3.2cm in newborn, 4.0cm in 6 month ,4.4cm in 1 year old ,4.6cm in 3 years old,4.9cm in 6 years old,5.0cm in 12 years old; The ear length more than 4.0cm in newborn was regarded as large ear, and 5.1cm in 6 month, 5.4cm in 1 year old, 5.6cm in 3 years old, 6.3cm in 6 years old, 6.4cm in 12 years old.②The width and length of ears and the ICD and OCD of eyes increased with age, but tended to stop growth till 6 to 18 years old.③There were some gender differences in ear development , but gender differences in canthal distance were not observed. Objective ;To study the development of anterior fontanel in children less than 3 years old.Method :The size of anterior fontanel in 1600 children within 3 years old was measured. The criteria to be involved:①All the children were singletons and terms (37 weeks≤gestational age≤40 weeks)at birth, birth weight>2500g;②Without trauma and asphyxia at birth;③without intracranial diseases and growth retardation.Results :①The mean of anterior fontanel in neonates was 1.47cm (0.38cm-2.56cm),and the average of the AF was largest at 1 month of age ,which was 2.2cm(1.22cm-3.12cm),and 0.37cm-1.68cm( 1.0cm) at 12 month. In 24 months old, the AF was 0.19cm-0.67cm ( 0.43).②By 6 month of age AF closed for 3% of children , and at 12 month for up to 26.5%. At the 24 months old of age, the AF of young children were almostly closed (93%).③There were no gender differences in Anterior fontanel.Conclusion:①The size of AF was maximum of 1 month(2.2cm),and then decreased to 1.0cm in 1 years old . The earliest time for AF closure was 3 months of age, and at 12 month the closure rate was up to 26.5%. At the 24 months old of age, the AF of young children were almostly closed (93%).②There were no gender differences in Anterior fontanel. 3.The anterior fontanel size was not correlated with the development level of weight, length, and head circumference. Objective:To study the development law of internipple distance in children aged 0-3 years old.Method:Measure the internipple distance and analysis the correlation of weight,chest circumference and internipple distance in 1600 children aged 0-3 years. The criteria to be involved:①All the children were singletons and terms (37 weeks≤gestational age≤40 weeks) at birth, birth weight>2500g ;②without asphyxia and trauma at birth ;③excluded major congenital malformations,chronic disease or malnutrition during the growth.Results:①The internipple distance was 7.7cm-9.2cm (8.3cm) in newborn, and 10.3cm-12.1cm (11.2cm) for 1 year old, which increased almost 3.0cm. And then the internipple distance grew slowly.②Internipple distance were positively correlated with chest circumference and body weight.③The internipple index remained relatively stable in 0-3 years old.Conclusions:①The growth peak of internipple distance was 0-1years,like the development of weight and chest circumference ;②The growth of internipple distance was paralleled with the chest circumference in children aged 0-3 years old.
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