| Objective: 1 This paper is to study the pathogenesis of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in asthma by detecting the levels of IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-17 in serum of asthma rats.2 Taking BCG as an intervention factor, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-17 are detected and are analysed their correlation in order to provide for theoretical basis of prevention and treatment of asthma.Methods: The healthy and sanitational 40 male SD rats were selected. They were randomly divided into 5 groups, negative group, asthma model group, a single BCG vaccination group (BCG1 group), repeated BCG vaccination group (BCG2 group), repeated BCG treatment group (BCG3 group), n = 8. Except the normal saline control group, the experimental rats of other groups were sensitized by intraperitoneal injecting ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide 100mg in the first 1, 8 days. From the 15th day, The rats were placed in sealed plexiglass box to inhale 2% OVA, each time Continuing 30min, 1 time / every other day, totally stimulated 20 times. The experimental SD rats were given intradermal injection of BCG. 7 days before sensitization the rats were injected BCG in BCG1 group. 7, 3, and 1 days before sensitization the rats were injected BCG in BCG2 group. The rats were given intradermal injection of BCG before each excitation in BCG3 group. Samples were collected within 24 hours after the last OVA challenge. Observing the pathological changes of lung tissue of HE staining in every experimental group. Detecting the levels of IL-13, IL-17 and IFN-γin serum by Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA, linear regression and correlation by SPSS 13.0 packet program after data were collected. Level of significance was set as P < 0.05.Results: 1 The pathological changes of lung tissue of HE staining were observed. Control group: the airway epithelium was smooth and integrity; basal layer and smooth muscle were thin, appearing very few inflammatory cells around the airway and vessels, and mainly with macrophages. Asthma model group: Airway epithelial was not integrity, and epithelial cell was hypertrophy; basal layer and smooth muscle were thickening, contracting into the shape of chrysanthemum, appearing a great quantity of inflammatory cells around the airway and vessels, and mainly with eosinophils. The pathological changes of lung tissue in BCG1 and BCG3 group were similar: The changes of airway epithelial cells, basal layer and smooth muscle were between the groups of normal control and asthma model; eosinophil cells around the airway and vessels were decreased. Pathological changes of lung tissue in BCG2 group was closer to the normal control group: airway epithelium was slightly damaged, basal layer, smooth muscle was slightly thickened, small amounts of eosinophil infiltrated.2 The level of IFN-γ( ng / ml ) in serum by ELISA method was measured: asthma model group: 10.92±1.93; BCG1 group: 18.20±1.73; BCG2 group: 22.66±2.05; BCG3 group: 18.46±1.48; negative control group: 30.36±3.65. Comparison between the five groups was the significant different (F = 76.587, p <0.05). Asthma model group was significantly lower than the control and the BCG treated groups; there were significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG1 and the BCG3 group's was no significant difference (p = 0.821). The comparison between the BCG1 and the other groups' except BCG3 group's was significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG2 and the other groups' was significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG3 and the other groups' except BCG1 group's (p = 0.821) was significant different (p <0.05).3 The level of IL-13 ( ng / ml ) in serum by ELISA method was measured: asthma model group: 68.31±7.20; BCG1 group: 51.31±3.25; BCG2 group: 38.94±5.87; BCG3 group: 53.39±3.74; negative control group: 24.79±5.90. Comparison between the five groups was the significant different (F = 73.522, p <0.05). Asthma model group was significantly higher than the control and the BCG treated groups; there were significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG1 and the BCG3 group's was no significant difference (p = 0.448). The comparison between the BCG1 and the other groups' except BCG3 group's was significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG2 and the other groups' was significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG3 and the other groups' except BCG1 group's (p = 0.448) was significant different (p <0.05).4 The level of IL-17 ( ng / ml ) in serum by ELISA method was measured: asthma model group: 148.29±8.92; BCG1 group: 110.34±9.38; BCG2 group: 92.48±10.29; BCG3 group: 118.19±9.86; negative control group: 67.50±6.34. Comparison between the five groups was the significant different (F = 87.912, p <0.05). Asthma model group was significantly higher than the control and the BCG treated groups; there were significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG1 and the BCG3 group's was no significant difference (p = 0.092). The comparison between the BCG1 and the other groups' except BCG3 group's was significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG2 and the other groups' was significant different (p <0.05). The comparison between the BCG3 and the other groups' except BCG1 group's (p = 0.092) was significant different (p <0.05).5 The level of IL-13 was positively correlated with the level of IL-17 in serum (r = -0.130, p < 0.01).6 The level of IL-13 was negatively correlated with the level of IFN-γin serum (r = - 0.908, p < 0.05).7 The level of IL-17 was negatively correlated with the level of IFN-γin serum (r =- 0.892, p <0.05).Conclusions: 1 Th1/Th2 and their cytokines are imbalance in pathogenesis of asthma; Th17 and its cytokines, Besides Th1 and Th2, are involved in the process of chronic inflammation of asthma. 2 The function of Th1 and Th2, Th1 and Th17 was mutually inhibiting, and Th2 and Th17 was mutually reinforcing.3 Vaccinating BCG can Alleviate abnormal reactive inflammation of airway, can effect prevent and treat asthma; the mechanism of BCG vaccination to prevent and treat asthma may be correct the immune imbalance of T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17 ); the effect of repeated BCG vaccination is better than the single one; the effect of the single vaccination is similar to the repeated BCG treatment.
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