| How to repair the spinal cord injury(SCI) is a hard problem to medical researchers.The number of patients of SCI is 15-40 per 1 million persons around the world.and the loss of motor and sense function by SCI brings serious burden to the family of SCI patients and the whole society.The main cause of failure to regeneration of injureid spinal cord is the low regeneration ability of the neuron and the inhibition of the pathological microenvironment.Now the conventional therapy to treat SCI is using durgs such as hormone,adenosine.ganglioside,neurotrophic factors and naloxone et al;doing operations such as skull traction for cervial SCI,anterior decompression for cervical spinal cord iujury.laminectomy of the thoracic and lumbar spine,anterior decompression for thoracolumbar fracture with spinal cord injury and debrigement of the missile wound of the spinal cord et al;and applying assitstant treatment such as hyperbaric oxygenation and rehabilitation training to promote motor and sense function.but the effect is far away from cure level.In the progress of searching more advanced treatment therapy,the technique of cell transplantation is rising.Now the commonly used cells for transplantation is schwann cells(SCI), neural stem cells(NSCs), bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) and olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs).The OECs is the transplantation cells having been applicated in clinic.But as many newly rising techniques there are many problems about OECs transplantation to be solved.Although the OECs transplanted in rats'SCI have promoted the recovery of spinal cord function markedly,the outcome of clinical phase I tiral is still in debate.The researchers just certified that the OECs transplantation operation is safe and feasible, but the neurofunctional recovery was not apparent,so to study the basic and mechanical problem of OECs repairing SCI is necessary.Based on this background,we designed the experiment from the aspect of survival numbers,migration and distribution of OECs in contused spinal cord of rat in order to supplement the theory and provid reference for OECs transplantation. The main method is as follows:Green fluorescence protein(GFP)-OECs were gained from the olfactory bulb of transgenic rats,after segregation and cultivatio n,transplanted into the contused spinal cord of SD rats.The qualitative observati on and semi-quantitative observation of survival numbers, migration,and distribu tion were performed at lth,2nd,3rd,4th,8th,13th week after transplantation,The D MEM with the same dose as GFP-OECs was transplanted into the control grou p,and we assessed the recovery level of motor function by the The Basso,Beatt ie,Breshanhan scoer(BBB score).Main result1.Motor function assessment:The BBB score of experimental group was 7.2 at 1th week,8.9 at 2nd week,10.1 at 3rd week,10.9 at 4th week,14.7 at 8th week,17.5 at 13th week, the BBB scale of control group was 3.1 at 1th week,4.2 at 2nd week,5.1 at 3rd week,6.3 at 4th week,9.8 t 8th week,10.9 at 13th week, P<0.01 while comparing experimental group with control group at every time points.2.Quantitative observation2.1 The survival numbers changing:Within the 2 weeks after transplantation the OECs'survival numbers were at high degree and GFP-OECs were arrange d tightly. From 2nd week to 8th week the GFP-OECs'survival numbers decreas ed gradully and GFP-OECs were connected by slender neurite.Within the 2 we eks after transplantation the decrease extent was comparatively large,after 2th w eek the decrease extent was less and to be stable.2.2 The distribution and migration characteristics:The GFP-OECs mainly distributed in the gray matter along longitudinal axis.Wthin the 2 weeks after transplantation,GFP-OECs gathered together and presented as agglomerate form; from 3rd week to 8th week the GFP-OECs dispersed gradually and diffused peripherally along longitudinal axis;from 8th week to 13th week the dispersion level of GFP-OECs was higher and some GFP-OECs existed in the spinal cord cavity.3.Semi-Quantitative observation3.1 Survival numbers:the survival numbers were 536±132.74 at 1th week, 426±124.14 at 2nd week,389±83.98 at 3rd week,358±86.39 at 4th week. 329.6±76.19 at 8th week,321.8±110.23 at 13th week, P<0.05 while comparing the 3rd week and 4th week with 1th week.and P< 0.01 while comparing the 13th week with 1 th week.3.2 Migration length:The migration length was 4.23±0.65 mm at 1th week, 4.93±0.76 mm at 2nd week,4.91±0.83 mm at 3rd week,5.91±0.58 mm at 4th week, 6.36±0.37 mm at 8th week,7.68±0.77 mm at 13th week,the mutiple comparison result among groups at 1th,2nd and 3rd week was P>0.05,the statistical result comparing 4th week group with 1th week was P<0.05,and p<0.01 while comparing 13th week group with 1 th week.3.3 Distribution area:The distribution area was 1.33±0.44 mm,at 1th week, 1.61±0.46 mm2 at 2nd week,1.82±0.68 mm2 at 3rd week,2.13±0.63 mm2 at 4th week,2.60±0.92 mm2 at 8th week,3.30±0.89 mm2 at 13th week, p<0.05 while comparing the 13th week with 1th week,the mutiple comparison result among other groups was P>0.05.The main conclusion1.The GFP-OECs can promote the function recovery of SCI.2.The survival numbers of GFP-OECs decrease substantially during the prophase after transplantation,decrease mildly and to be stable during the metaphase and advanced stage.3.GFP-OECs can migrate along the longtitudinal axis in the pathological micoenviroment after SCI, the amplification of migration length is small in the prophase after transplantation,and that is comparatively large during the metaphase and advanced stage.GFP-OECs during the prophase after transplantation presents aggregate state,and scatters gradually along longitudinal axis as time goes by,some exists along the cavity wall and some exists in the cavity.
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