Research Progress In The Treatment Of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is common clinical and difficult to treat disease in pulmonary and cardiovascular, pathological characteristics of primary pulmonary vasoconstriction enhancement and pulmonary vascular remodeling has been the lack of effective treatment. In recent years, gradually developed stem cell treatments, due to the fundamental reversal of pulmonary artery reconstruction has become the important direction of development of the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.Mesenchymal stem cells are derived from mesoderm are pluripotent stem cell with self-proliferation and differentiation potential. In the appropriate microenvironment and the role of factors, MSCs can differentiate into cells derived from multiple germ layers,such as:osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocardial cells, nerve cells, bronchial epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and even simple re-organization structure.And because of its source convenience, easy isolation, culture,amplification and purification, with a strong self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, there is no immune rejection, in vitro in vitro high rate of gene transfer and to stable and high expression of foreign genes,MSCs was widely used in experimental research, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, trauma and other fields.In pulmonary arterial hypertension, mesenchymal stem cells can be directly targeted chemokine receptor's in lung tissue, then differentiate into mature vascular endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell, repair damaged of pulmonary vascular endothelial, while formate widely freshmen vascular network, formation large of collateral cycle; MSCs promote vascular freshmen by next secretion mechanism secretion promoting vascular generated material; secretion some spread vascular material improve vascular contraction in pulmonary high pressure; by secretion some cell factor participation immune regulation suppression inflammatory reaction and play its anti-pulmonary high pressure role.Especially MSCs combined gene therapy might be better reversing pulmonary hypertension.Despite with the rapid development, as a new treatment mesenchymal stem cells therapy overall effect also is not satisfactory. Most studies are from animal experiments, lack sufficient clinical trials, based on MSCs in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension mechanism is not clear, and most of the later experimental observation of short term effect has not been completely clear. Transplantation of MSCs transplantation type, time, quantity, way and effect relationships are not clear. Security issues of MSCs transplantation, differentiation occurs for other organizations such as bone or tumor-like growth, will accelerate the growth of potentially malignant tumor in vivo and hemangioma and other outstanding issues, still needs a lot of testing and research to resolve.By looking up the domestic and foreign literature, this article introduced related experimental study on treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with mesenchymal stem cells in recent years, and analysis their possible treatment mechanism and problems.