Expression And Significance Of PI3K And Akt In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma is one of common malignant tumors in human. It has high incidence in our country, and the morality of esophageal carcinoma in our country is also the highest in the world. The incidence and mortality of Esophageal carcinoma is in the fourth position of malignant tumor sequence. Abnormal changing of signal transduction is an important biological characteristic of tumor cells.In recent years, it has been indicated that the PI3K/Akt pathway plays an important role in the human cancers.Abnormal activation of the pathway, not only results in malignant transformation of cells, but also plays an important role in tumor cell apoptosis, tumor angiogenesis and tumor invasion and metastasis.PI3K and Akt are the key proteins in the pathway. A variety of growth factors can activate PI3K. Activation of PI3K Phosphorylates PIP2,Translated it into the second messenger PIP3.PIP3 combined with Akt and PDK1,induced the Activation of Akt. Activation of Akt regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration through a variety of downstream target proteins.Objective: To detect the expression of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K),and protein kinase B (PKBorAkt) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) tissue, and to explore their roles in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis.Methods:1 The protein expression of PI3K (SP method) and Akt (PV method) in forty cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, twenty cases of neighboring noncancerous tissues were detected by Immunohistochemistry. Analyzing the relationship between gene expression and sex, age, differention, metastasis, and the two gene expression relevance.2 Statistical analysis:All the dates were analyzed by SPSS13.0 statistical package; The comparision of positive rate using the Chi-square test and Continuity Correction Correction consecutive test; The correlation between two variables using linear correlation analysis.The level of significant difference wasα=0.05.Results:1 Immunohistochemistry results showed that, the positive rates of PI3K in 40 cases of ESCC tissues were 77.5%(31/40),higher than that in noncancerous tissues, Statistically significant difference(P<0.05)2 Immunohistochemistry results showed that, the positive rates of Akt in 40 cases of ESCC tissues were 65.0%(26/40),higher than that in noncancerous tissues, Statistically significant difference(P<0.05)3 The relationship of PI3K and Akt expression with the clinical features of esophageal cancer. The PI3K expression had Statistically significant difference in different degree of differentiation. The Akt expression had Statistically significant difference in different degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis.4 Statistical analysis showed that The expression of PI3K and Akt was positively correlated(P<0.05). Conclusions:1 The PI3K protein were higher expressed in ESCC than in noncancerous tissues;The expression of PI3K protein in moderately/poorly-differentiated tissues of ESCC were higher than that in well-differentiated tissues, indicated that PI3K proteins may be involved in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.2 The Akt protein were higher expressed in ESCC than in noncancerous tissues;The expression of Akt protein in moderately/poorly-differentiated tissues of ESCC were higher than that in well-differentiated tissues, and had relationship with lymph node metastasis, indicated Akt Not only involved in the occurrence of esophageal cancer, and might play a role in the malignant progression of esophageal cancer.3 The expression of PI3K and Akt was positively correlated, indicated PI3K and Akt were both in the same signal transduction pathway playing a role in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.