| Background and ObjectivesSchwann cell (SC), which is the glial cells of peripheral nervous system, plays the most important role in the peripheral nerve regeneration. SC can also secrete a variety of active factors to induce, stimulate and regulate axon regeneration and myelin formation.Nerve growth factor(NGF), the first discovered neurotrophic factor which act as a key regulator in the neuron development, axonal growth, neurotransmitter synthesis and cell apoptosis.Galactosylceramide transferase(CGT) is the necessary components of :synthesizing myelin galactosylceramide rate-limiting enzyme. It is reported that CGT is secreted by the myelin sheath and SC in vitro. CGT, a microsomal enzyme, mainly is expressed in the nerves, brain and kidney. It can catalyze the transfer of galactose to the ceramide to syntheticing galactosylceramide. GalC is one of the most abundant lipids in myelin ceramide, accounting for 20% of the dry weight of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. It play an important role in the myelin sheath structure and function.Ginkgo Biloba Extract play a protective role in anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-ischemic-hypoxic injury,anti-mechanical damage neurons and inhibiting cell apoptosis.At present, the study of myelin sheath-forming cells-SC is mainly in tissue engineering research area, however the studies of the effects and mechanism of active substances secreted by SC in peripheral nerve are rare. Although diabetic peripheral neuropathy is common but its pathogenesis is not clear. The influence of different glucose concentrations cultureing SC to NGF and CGF secretion by SC is unknown too. Especially the influence of low glucose to active substances secreted by SC has never been reported. There are few reports about protection mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract to diabetic peripheral.The purpose of this study is to observe the influence of the NGF and CGF secretion by SC intervention with different glucose concentration, and the potential mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract on nerve protection.Materials and Methods1. Experimental Methods:In this study, the cultured Schwann cells were divided into 10mmol/L,25mmol/L and 50mmol/Lglucose concentration group.Using RT-PCR, to determine the respectively expression of the NGF and the CGT gene after 72h cultured in each group. At the same time, using Ginkgo Biloba Extract to interfere 10mmol/L,50mmol/L glucose concentration group in cultured SC and using RT-PCR technique to determine the NGF and the CGT gene expression after 72h for each group were determined.2.Statistic analysis:The experimental data were expressed by mean±standard deviation (χ±s) and the data were handled with SPSS10.0 statistic software. Significance level is judged by a=0.05.Results1 Observating the morphological of SC under different glucose concentrationsSC morphological were accumulated together like spindle cell morphology or more cells were polygonal to connect together, similar to fibroblasts under 25mM glucose observed by inverted microscope.the nuclei in the middle, rounded. SC was round underlOmM and 50mM glucose concentration. Cells nucleus is not obvious.2 The changes of NGF mRNA, CGT mRNA of SC under different glucoseconcentrationSC CGT mRNA expression increased significantly, while the expression of NGF mRNA decreased compared with the normal groups under high glucose and low-glucose group. Statistical differences were significance, P<0.05; low glucose compared with high glucose group showed no significant difference, P> 0.05.3 The changing of SC NGF mRNA CGT mRNA under different glucose concentration intervented by Egb761.SC NGF mRNA expression increased significantly intervented by Egb761,P <0.05.Conclusions1. Both high- glucose and low glucose out of normal range may lead to peripheral nerve injury.2.Ginkgo biloba extract Egb761 intervent cultured SC in 10mmol/L and 50mmol/L glucose concentration, NGF mRNA expression were increased, indicated that Ginkgo biloba extract were benefite at the repairment of peripheral nerve injury.
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