| Background The compensation ratio is an important index to measure the beneficial degrees of New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NCMS). High compensation ratio can not only relieve the disease economic burdens of farmers but also promote healthy and sustainable development of the NCMS. Studying the influence factors of the compensation ratio and exploring the effective approach to improve it has become an important and hot problem.Objective The study focuses on the movement situation and compensation situation of NCMS in Anhui Province, in order to find out the influence factors of the overall compensation ratio and the three ranks'compensation ratio and provide scientific evidence for raising it.Investigation Contents and Methodology The possible influence factors in NCMS was definited by specialist consultation method and the data was analysed by SPSS: the research analyzed the movement situation and compensation situation of NCMS in Anhui Province, using statistical description. Then, the paper compared the overall compensation ratio and the three ranks'compensation ratio among areas with different features, using Oneway ANOVA. Finally, the paper analyzed the influence factors of the overall compensation ratio and the three ranks'compensation ratio, using multiple linear regression.Main Conclusion①The overall compensation ratio and the three ranks' compensation ratio in Anhui Province was relatively higher compared with the average level of the whole country, but compensation ratio in the area of distribution was not balanced.②There was a positive correlation existed between the participating population and the compensation ratio.③The results suggested that a positive correlation existed between the utilizing rate of NCMS fund and the compensation ratio, but nearly half of the areas overspent.④Hospitalization rate was the most important limiting factor for the compensation ratio, and the negative effect increased as the rank of medical care institution increased.⑤Average cost of inpatient was limiting factor for the compensation ratio, and the negative effect increased as the rank of medical care institution increased.⑥The results also suggested that a highly positive correlation existed between the nominal compensate rate and the compensation ratio, and the nominal compensate rate was the most important influence factor of the three ranks'compensation ratio.Advice①Establishing city-level NCMS system to upgrade the management of NCMS funds to a higher-level.②Designing the reimbursement plan rationally in order to produce the best possible results of the NCMS fund.③Regularizing the behavior of the irregulative behavior of certified hospital in order to control the unreasonable increase of medical expenditure in NCMS.④Various measures should be taken simultaneously, so that the patients can be diverted properly.
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