| Vascular dementia(VD) is a syndrome secondary to the cerebral damage caused by a series of cerebrovascular events, which displays the impairment of learning and memory. With the aging of the society,the incidence of VD is rising, which has attracted more and more researchers to focus on this topic.The ginseng contain complex chemical composition, such as:organic acids, vitamins, sugar, inorganic salt, sterols, fungusand peptide, polysaccharide, naphtha and ginseng saponins, which has extensive biological activities and unique pharmacological effects. The different drugs contain ginseng has been used in the treatment of VD. Ginsenoside (GS), is the main active components. The ginsenoside in this experiment is a acid degradation product of the total ginsenosides. And shenmai is compound contain acid degradation product of the total ginsenosides and radix ophiopogonis. The new panaxadiol is aquired by further seperation and purification. The three drugs are diluted with 0.5%CMC-Na.There are many method to establish VD model, for example blood vessel blocking and embolisming, hypertension vascular dementia rats model and hyperlipemia vascular dementia rats model. This experiment through establishing a hypertension-hyperlipemia vascular dementia rats model, examined the results by morphological methods. The objective is to study whether the three new ginseng medicines has therapeutic effect on VD.160 cleaning group rats, one half is male and another half is female, randomly selected 10 as sham group, the others, first, ligature bilateral renal artery, then choose the successful model, offer high fat diet, after 30 days detect TC and TG, finally, ligature bilateralarteria carotis communis. Choose the seccessful hypertension- hyperlipemia vascular dementia rats model, divided into ginsenoside, shenmai, new panaxadiol and model group. 0.5%CMC-Na was given to model group and sham group with dose of 0.5ml.100g-1.d-1. Ginsenoside was given to ginsenoside group with dose of 0.027g.kg-1.d-1. Shenmai was given to shenmai group with dose of 0.127g.kg-1.d-1. New panaxadiol was given to new panaxadiol group with dose 0.100g.kg-1.d-1. The rats of groups above were intragastric administrated for 45 days.Test blood pressure before the end of the experiment, at the end of the experiment, test TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,and HE staining was applied as a method to observe cell damage in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Nissl staining was applied as a method to abserve the change of Nissl body in Neuron plasma. Using immunohistochemical method to observe the expression of synaptophysin by light microscope. Using transmission electron microscope to abserve the super microstructure of neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus.Experimental results show that blood pressure of model rats increased significantly compared with sham group. Compared with the model group, blood pressure of ginsenoside and shenmai group decrease, significant differences. The blood pressure of new panaxadiol has tendency to be lower. The result present the three drugs are effective to make blood pressure lower. The result of blood fat present: Compared with the model group, TC and LDL-C of shenmai group decrease significant differences. TG and LDL-C of new panaxadiol decrease, significant differences.The HE staining shows that,there are many neurons in cerebral cortex of sham group. The number of neurons of model group decreased seriously,and lots of necrosis neurons were found; The ginsenoside and shenmai group,the number of neurons increased, and still have necrosis. The new panaxadiol group, lots of neurons were found and nucleolus is clear, few necrosis was found. There are many neurons in hippocampus of sham group, nuclear is big and round, nucleolus is obvious. The number of neurons in model group reduce slightly, cell bodies are smaller and become pyknotic, around cells appear clearance. The treated groups, lots of neurons were found, arranged tidiless, few pyknosis were found.Nissl staining shows that, the Nissl body in sham group is abundant and blue-black. The structure of individual neuron in model group is dim, cytoplasm is hyoochromatic and empty. The colour of nissle body in treated groups is shallow slightly.The immunohistochemical SY stainining shows that, compared with sham group, the number of neurons in model group decreased seriously, SY stainining in cytoplasm shallow significantly, quantitative analysis showed significant differences. SY stainining in the treated groups were significantly enhanced, quantitative analysis showed that it was significant difference, new panaxadiol group expression is the strongest.TEM observation results show that part of neurons is darker cells in cortical in VD model rats. Nuclear become pyknotic. There was neuropil cavitation, lack neurofilament,mitochondria and synapse. The structural characteristics of neuron of ginsenoside group is similar with sham group: nuclear round, nucleoli is big and round, rough endoplasmic and free mitochondria is aboundant and few lipofuscin in perikaryon, lots of neurofilament,mitochondria in perikaryon and synapse in neuropil. In shenmai and new panaxadiol group, there are many neurofilament,mitochondria in perikaryon, synapse and synaptic vesicle in neuropil. The structural characteristics of neuron in hippocampus is similar to that in cerebral corebral.The experimental results show that, VD model could be set up successfully through ligate bilateral renal artery, high-fat diet, and ligate carotid artery. The three ginseng medicines could improve the morphology of neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of VD rats. The effect of new panaxadiol group was little better in the three drugs. The results of this experiment would supply the theory foundation for studing the medicine for VD.
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