Case Control Study Of The Influential Factors For Age-Related Macular Degeneration In Shenyang

PrefaceAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the macular that serious threat to visual function in the elderly. The incidence is increasing with ageing. AMD is considered the main cause of vision loss and blindness in people over the age of 55 years in the western countries. It is current one of the major health problems that endanger health of the elderly and reduce their quality of life in our country. The survey results show that the prevalence of AMD is 15.5% in people over the age of 50 years in Shanghai 2005. Population study indicated that the prevalence of AMD is projected to increase by more than two times in the next 20 years.AMD pathogenesis is very complicated, which is mainly related to age. Most scholars also believe that AMD is result in many factors, for example local inflamative, neovascularization and gene, et al. Although home and abroad have a great deal of basic and clinical research, the pathogenesis of AMD is unknown, and there is no effective treatment. At present, domestic epidemiological investigations related to AMD research carry out rarely and various influential factors are more controversial. Studies show that age and drusen are two major risk factors for AMD. Therwise, the prevalence of AMD related to individual factors, intaking antioxidant, smoking history, sunlight exposure, eye and systemic diseases, race, heredity, et al. With the aging of China population age structure, AMD has become a common blinding eye disease that endanger health of the elderly in China. AMD endanger vision of the elderly and reduce their quality of life. So it is very important to determine the risk factors of AMD.In this study, by collecting three professional eye hospital in Shenyang AMD patients as research subjects, community population not suffering from AMD at the same time selected conduct case-control study, understanding the characteristic of AMD in Shenyang, exploring the impact factors of the incidence of AMD, the purpose of carrying out AMD early prevention has targeted to provide reference materials.Object and Method一.Research object1. Selection of case groupAccording to Chinese Medical Association academy of ophthalmology established "The clinical diagnostic criteria of Age-related macular degeneration" in 1986.93 AMD patients at the age of over 45 years old were diagnosed in three professional eye hospital from May 2008 to December 2009 in Shenyang, as the cases group.2. Selection of control groupSelect the community population at the same period in Shenyang is not suffering from AMD by screening, a total of 100 people, as the control group.二. Research methodThe case group and control group agreed that fill in the questionnaire by trained investigators taking face-to-face, one-on-one.三. Research contentDesign questionnaire in accordance with the relevant document on their own including:the general situation(age, sex, AMD type, etc.) and the main influencing factors(family history, body mass index, educational level, smoking history, vitreous opacity, cataract, the protective of the eye in the strong sun, antioxidants added conditions and dietary habits, etc.).ResultsSingle factor analysis showed that there was statistical significance between case group and control group in educational level, smoking history, vitreous opacity, cataract, exposure to smoke-filled environment, degree of eye irritation, eye protection under strong sunlight, intaking antioxidant. Case groups intakes fresh fruits, fish or seafood, meat products, eggs and bean products small than that of control groups, and there was significant difference in the main foods intaking between case and control groups. According to multivariate factors Logistic regression analysis, the eight factors came into this regression model:smoking history, vitreous opacity and cataract were risk factors for AMD (OR=2.182,95%C.I.=1.349～3.529; OR=2.229, 95%C.I.=1.042～4.770; OR=3.386,95%C.I.=1.571～7.300); high educational level, intaking antioxidant, fish or seafood and bean products were protective factors for AMD(OR=0.683,95%C.I.=0.477～0.979; OR=0.401,95%C.I.=0.191～0.840; OR=0.390,95%C.I.=0.192～0.794; OR=0.393,95%C.I.=0.177～0.876).Conclusions1. The main is the dry form of AMD in people over the age of 45 years in Shenyang. The prevalence ratio of women is higher than men. The people seeing a doctor is more in over the age of 60 years than others.2. Smoking history, vitreous opacity and cataract were the risk factors for AMD; high educational level, intaking antioxidant, usually intaking fish or seafood and bean products were the protective factors in the influential factors for AMD.