A Study On HCV Infection Among Rural Residents In Fuyu Town Jilin Province

Background and objective:Hepatitis C, one of infectious diseases, is a serious threat to human health, the main routes of transmission are through blood transfusion and blood products, intravenous drug use, acupuncture, iatrogenic, sexual contact and mother to child vertical transmission.According to statistics, there are 170 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C and the infection rate in China is about 3.2%, while the majority of HCV infections are asymptomatic, and a small number of patients caused with acute hepatitis, unfortunately, hepatitis C virus infection with high chronic rate, sometimes as high as 80%, in chronic infection occurs in 20% of liver cirrhosis, 6% of then are decompensated cirrhosis, the end result of decompensated cirrhosis and liver cancer have a deaths ratio of 3.6%.Failure to report the hepatitis C currently has become the highest rate of infectious diseases,52% of hepatitis C is not reported. Hepatitis C is a neglected public issues. Due to its delitescence of onset, early infection usually asymptomatic or mild, it is not easily to be found and harm to human health because of high chronic rate. Currently there are effective treatment for hepatitis C, early treatment can prevent it from the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Therefore, early screening, early diagnosis, early treatment is important. Therefore, we conducted an epidemiological study is significance.The Research is to interviewed the villagers in Fuyu County, Jilin Province to conduct the questionnaire. At the same day, blood samples collected in the questionnaire to check liver function, hepatitis C antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen. If hepatitis C antibody positive, wo will test the HCVRNA. All above is to see the prevalence of hepatitis C, the mode of transmission of hepatitis C, risk factors for hepatitis C infection and hepatitis C diagnosis and treatment of patients.Methods:The villagers who willing to accept the survey in 10 villages to adopt a uniform face to face questionnaire. Before our investigation, we get in touch with the local township government and with the co-operation ot make arrangements ahead of time by their work and to encourage more people to participate in the survey. The survey include the basic information such as age, sex, smoking history, drinking history, history of hepatitis, blood transfusion, blood donation history, history of injection of caffeinum natrio benzoicum, people around you have a caffeinum natrio benzoicum injection history, history of tooth repair, previous history of hepatitis C treatment and so on. Sample test items:hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), hepatitis B antigen form (HBsAg) and liver function; Equipment for testing, reagents and methods:the equipment for testing liver function is produced by Changchun Dujus Automatic Biochemistry analyzer CS-240C, using reagents from Diagnostic System Desai (Shanghai) Co, Ltd, the approach is ultraviolet continuous monitoring method; anti-HCV and HBsAg using reagent from Shanghai bio-engineering Co, Ltd with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sandwich assay to test it; using our hospital laboratory testing equipment with Abbott reagents for a review of hepatitis C antibodies for positive samples.Results:Participate in the survey there are 452 male population, accounting for 55.01% and female 376, accounting for 44.99%; 746 people over the age of 30, accounting for 90.10%. There are 464 anti-HCV-positive residents, After review through the Abbott reagents, there are 409 villagers are still positive, anti-HCV positive rate was 49.40%.10 villages with different anti-HCV positive rates, the positive rate between 39.4%～65.6%, the regional differences were significant (P<0.05).Villagers participate in this survey, there were 174 people with the history of caffeinum natrio benzoicum injection or history of sharing injection, of which there were 165 people with anti-HCV positive, anti-HCV positive rate was 94.8%; the people accepting the teeth repairment, enybrow tattoo, prick ear, blood transfusion and blood donation among anti-HCV positive rates were 56.6%,44.4%,48.7%,58.8% and 23.5%. In 409 anti-HCV positive,165 villagers had been using shared syringes caffeinum natrio benzoicum injection or history of sharing injection,164 HCV antiboby positive received teeth repairment,113 HCV antiboby positive cases have been pricked ear, while the number of tattoo eyebrow, blood transfusion and blood donation patients with HCV antibody positive were 16,10,4. Univariate analysis showed that having a history of repairing teeth had higher HCV infection rate.The anti-HCV positive rates of people with drinking and smoking history were 57.3% and 62.1%. The positive rate was 66.7% with the spouse has a history of anti-HCV hepatitis. Possible behavior of HCV infection, history of contact with anti-HCV positive patient to be done logistic univariate analysis. The results showed that alcohol consumption, smoking history have association with HCV infection. Survey results will be multi-factor regression analysis, the results showed that the history of caffeinum natrio benzoicum injection or history of sharing injection is the most relevant factors with HCV infection (OR =11.71), followed by age, history of hepatitis, smoking, education, people with caffeinum natrio benzoicum injection history around you, all of then were independent relative factors with HCV infection.828 villagers to participate in this survey, there are 409 villagers with anti-HCV positive, of which 352 villagers were tested HCVRNA,295 people with HCVRNA positive, the positive rate of 83.81%.295 patients with viremia, for patients with this definition, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C is about 35.63%(295/828).10 cases with HCVRNA negative had the abnormal ALT,if plus this definition, a total of 305 patients with chronic hepatitis C patients, the prevalence was 36.84%. The villagers participated in this study's survey, there were 42 cases diagnosed with hepatitis C by doctors, accounting for 5.07%; 41 cases diagnosed by hepatitis C antibody testing, about 4.95%(41/828). In the 409 anti-HCV positive villagers,41 patients had been diagnosed with hepatitis C, accounting for 10.02%(41/409), and as high as 89.98% of people do not know they are infected with hepatitis C. Among 409 anti-HCV positive patients,65 cases accepted treatment, accounting for 15.89%. There were 55 patients had received a liver protection therapy, accounting for 13.45%,21 patients received interferon treatment, accounting for 5.13%,11 cases also received interferon treatment and liver protection. There were 13.95%(57/65) patients have treatmen in time.Conclusion:Crude HCV infection rate of Fuyu County was 49.40%, about 15.44 times of national HCV infection is a high incidence of hepatitis C in China. Age, smoking history, educational levels, history of hepatitis, caffeinum natrio benzoicum injection history, people with caffeinum natrio benzoicum injection history around you had associations with HCV infection. The group with caffeinum natrio benzoicum injection history is the high risk of HCV infection in the rural village, Fuyu County and it was the main route of transmission. In Fuyu County Gengxin Small town, hepatitis C infection rate was high, but with low detection rate, low awareness rate, low treatment rate and poor treatment. These are the major challenges, it was very important to take timely and effective strategies to control the disease, standard treatment, reducing the local economic and social burden.