| Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a kind of nonradioactive in situ hybridization method, which was developed on the basis of radioactive hybridization in the later 1980s. The fluorescence molecules were labeled to genetic material to obtain the probes. Based on the complement between the probe and the sample sequences, the quantity and structure change of the hybridized chromosome could be observed by the fluorescence microscope. This method can be used to diagnose the change of chromosome in the amniotic interphase cells of pregnancy and urine exfoliated cells of bladder cancer patient.Objective:1. To discuss the clinical application of FISH method in diagnosing the prenatal chromosome abnormality.2. To discuss the applied value of FISH method in diagnosing the bladder cancer.3. To build the standardized sample treatment, FISH operation and quality control procedures.4. To build the mature platform of FISH prenatal diagnosis and bladder cancer diagnosis.Methods:1. A mixture of fluorescent labeled probes to the centromeres of chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 and 21 was used to detect amniotic fluid cells of 100 pregnant women having the indication of prenatal diagnosis.2. To analyze the interval chromosome karyotype of 100 amniotic fluid samples.3. Urinary cells for chromosomal abnormalities of 65 bladder cancer patients were performed cytological examination and studied by the FISH via using a mixture of fluorescent labeled Probes to the centromeres of chromosomes 3, 7, 9p21 and 17.4. To optimize the temperature, pH value and humidity during the FISH experimental process.Results:1. In the prenatal diagnosis, the FISH detected four chromosomal abnormalities fetuses, which are respectively two of 47, XX, +21 abnormalities and two of 47, XY, +21 abnormalities.2. The detected results of FISH of 100 patients are completely consistent with the analysis of the interval chromosome karyotype.3. FISH applied to prenatal diagnosis requires only 24 ~ 48h, compared to 10 ~ 14 days of conventional karyotype analysis.4. The sensitivity of cytology and FISH among 65 urothelial carcinoma was 60% and 85%, FISH was significantly more sensitive than cytology for all tumors(p﹤0.05).5. The specificity of cytology and FISH among health persons was 100% and 95%, the specificity of FISH and cytology for urothelial carcinoma are not significantly different(p﹥0.05).6. The numerical aberration frequency of chromosome 3, 7, 9p21, 17 of exfoliated urothelial cells in 65 cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma was 50.8 %, 44.6 %, 44.6% and 46.1 % respectively in urine.7. Polysome from 3, 7 and 17 of chromosome from exfoliated urothelioma cells of bladder urothelial carcinoma demonstrates correlation with stages, whereas the mutation of 9p21 shows none.8. The aberration of G1-2 and G3 is highly correlated in chromosome 3, 7, 17(p﹤0.05),and the aberration incidence of G3 phase tumor is much higher than those of G1-2. However,there is no evidence that the chromosome 9p21 is related to its grade(p﹥0.05).Conclusion:1. Apply the specific chromosome probe to detect aminotic cell is a good method in prenatal diagnosis.2. The results of FISH are highly related to those of traditional karyotype analysis. In addition, FISH is a more accurate, rapid and sensitive method.3. We have constructed the liable FISH platform successfully.4. The incurrence and progress of gladder cancer is highly related to the aberration. Useing FISH to detect the urine of patients for chromosome aberration can be a useful method for cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.5. Evidence has shown that the aberration of chromosome 17 may play vital role in bladder cancer progress.6. The deletion of 9p21 is a frequent event and it is very important in cancer early diagnosis and postoperation surveillance.
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