Literature Review On Comparasion Of Cephalometric Analysis In Angle Class Ⅱ Division 1 Malocclusion

Objectives:1. To identify and establish the craniofacial features of Nepalese with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion.2. To compare the obtained analysed data of Nepalese with craniofacial pattern of Chinese with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion.3. To see if gender plays any role.Methods:The standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of total 135 subjects (96 Nepalese and 39 Chinese) with Angle Cass II division 1 malocclusion were used. The mean ages of Nepalese (42 males and 54 females) were 16.34±5.4 years and Chinese (12 males and 27 females) 17.18±7.1 years. The ten skeletal, nine dental and three soft tissue variables were investigated. Descriptive statistical analysis and independent student t-test were carried out on the data, to determine the mean differences and standard deviations for each cephalometric measurement between the two groups and genders. Results considered to be statistically significant when p≤0.05.Results:The craniofacial features between Nepalese and Chinese samples showed stati-stical significant differences among 15 of the 22 variables.These are; Facial angle, Angle of convexity,GoMe-FH ,GoGn-SN,Y- axis,Cant of occlusal plane, Occlusal pla-ne angle, SNB angle, ANB angle , U1 to NA angle, U1- NA linear, L1 to NB angle, L1 to NB linear, angle of total soft tissue facial convexity and Z angle. Nepalese genders showed statistically significant difference in A-B plane angle, GoMe-FH, GoGn-SN, SNA angle, angle of total soft tissue facial convexity and soft tissue facial convexity where as Chinese genders showed only in mandibular plane angle (GoMe-FH). Conclusions:1. In the both samples, maxilla was well positioned, mandible was retrusive, in relation to the cranial base and maxillomandibular relation showed an increased overjet but when compared, maxilla more protruded, mandible more retrusive and overjet more increased was found in Chinese samples than Nepalese.2. When compared the Nepalese showed strongly buccally inclined and protruded maxillary incisors, buccally inclined and protruded mandibular incisors where as the Chinese showed strongly buccally inclined and more protruded mandibular incisors, buccally inclined and well positioned maxillary incisors in relation to the apical base.3. The both samples showed longer anterior face, steeper mandibular plane angle, Class II facial patterns and skeletal tendency but when compared, it was more in Chinese samples than Nepalese.4. The Nepalese showed more prominent nose and chin, greater horizontal tendency of craniofacial growth pattern than in Chinese.5. The six variables in Nepalese and one variable in Chinese were statistically significant difference between genders.