The Prevalence Of Hypomagnesaemia And Its Contribution Factors In Hospitalized Diabetes

Objective:To investigate the incidence of hypomagnesaemia and study the factors that would affect the development of hypomagnesaemia in hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:1.All patients with diabetes mellitus were recorded from patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University during April 2008 to April 2009. The prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes, influences of diabetes type, sex, and seasons were analyzed.2.Three hundred and forty one were selected from diabetes mellitus, excluding those with acute complications and with disorders which might interrupt magnesium metabolism, i.e. renal disorders, thyroid disorders, diarrhea, diuretics treatment, gout, antibiotics treatment, congestive heart failure, acute cerebrovascular diseases and hepatic cirrhosis. Patients were classified as normomagneseamia with serum magnesium levels of equal to or higher than 0.8 mmol/L and hypomagnesaemia with serum magnesium level below 0.8 mmol/L. Of the selected 341 type 2 diabetes samples, 78 were hypomagnesaemic, 263 were normomagnesaemic. Factors influencing the presence of hypomagnesaemia were analyzed in aspects of gender, age, presence of hypertension, duration of diabetes, fasting serum glucose, 2-hour mixed meal postprandial serum glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour mixed meal postprandial insulin, fasting C-peptide, 2-hour mixed meal postprandial C-peptide, body mass index, serum phosphorus,serum calcium, serum potassium, serum sodium, HbA1c, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C, serum creatinine, uric acid, ALT, AST, GGT levels, insulin resistance index, and the presence of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, macrovasculopathy, fatty liver. Non-parametric method was used to test those factors not normal in distribution; Student t test was used to test normally distributed factors. Logistic regression was used to analyze the contributions of fasting serum glucose, 2-hour mixed meal postprandial C-peptide, the presence of hypertension, proteinuria, macrovasculopathy.Results:1.The prevalence of hyomagnesaemia in hospitalized diabetes was 20.0%, and in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, non-type diabetes it was 25.00%, 19.9%, and 19.6%, respectively. The prevalence of hypomagnesa- emia in men and women was 19.3%, 20.7%, respectively. The prevalence of hypomagnesaemia among Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter were 18.0%, 34.4%, 14.1%, 13.7%, respectively.2.The two magnesaemic groups were not different in aspects of gender, age, postprandial serum glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour mixed meal postprandial insulin, fasting C-peptide, serum sodium, serum phosphorus, serum calcium, serum potassium, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C, serum creatinine, serum ALT, AST, GGT, HOMA model insulin resistance index body mass index, duration of diabetes, presence of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, proteinuria, fatty liver. The two groups were different in aspects of the presence of diabetic macrovasculopathy, proteinuria, hypertension, fasting glucose, HbA1c, 2-hour mixed meal postprandial C-peptide (P<0.05). Higher levels of HbA1c and fasting glucose, higher rate of macrovasculopathy, hypertension, proteinuria, and lower levels of 2-hour mixed meal postprandial C-peptide were found in patients with hypomagnesemia. Logistic regression analysis found presence of hypertension, proteinuria and blood-fasting sugar, were attribution factors to the incidence of hypomagnesaemia (P<0.05). 2-hour mixed meal postprandial C-peptide was a protecting factor against the incidence of hypomagnesaemia (P<0.05).Conclusions:The total incidence of hypomagnesaemia in diabetes was 20.0%. The incidence of hypomagnesaemia in type 2 diabetes was 19.9%. Summer were prone to appear hypomagne- saemia.Hypomagnesaemia is associated with the presence of hypertension, proteinuria, glucose control. Better 2-hour post mixed meal C-peptide secretion is a protecting factor against the incidence of hypomagnesaemia in type 2 diabetes.