| Objective:Breast cancer is one of malignant tumor threatening women's healthy seriously. The incidence rate of it is rising quickly and has occupied the first place in female malignancies in these years.Recent studies indicated that carcinoma is a kind of stem cell disease. Neoplasm is composed of abnormal tissues derived from a small portion of special tumor cells capable of self-renewal and tumorogenicity. These cells were named tumor stem cells. Their characteristics include unlimited proliferation, clonogenity, tumorogenicity, symmetrical and asymmetrical division. The research on stem cells has pushed about the development of pathology and oncology. It realized that tumor is a kind of stem cell disease. In terms of diseases of breast tumor,it has been proved the existence of stem cells of breast epithelium. Tumor stem cells are vital to the formation, maintenance and progression of tumor. The non-stem cells possess none or very little capacity of proliferation, and will die in short term.The prognosis of breast cancer is always a hot topic in medical science. It is significantly to the formation and the development of the breast cancer are the result of multiple steps and multiple genes. Tumorigenesis considers that an important component element of the tumorigenesis procedure is that all the kinds of gene expressions have changed, the same meaning is that the proto-oncogene in cells have been activated and overexpressed, and the anti-oncogene has been deactivated. This topic devotes to investigate the relation beween the expression of the cell cycle regulatory factor Survivin, PTEN and the canceration of mammary stem cells Oct4, which bring a new idea for preventing breast tumor and improving the therapy of breast cancer. Methods:37 cases of infiltrating mammary gland carcinoma were investigated by using S-P method of immunohistory,analyzed the expression of Survivin,PTEN and Oct4 in each tissue and compard with the relationship of their expression and age, histological grade, hormone receptor status, axillary lymph node metastasis.Results:1. The positive expression rate of Survivin was observed in 26 of 37(70.3%) cases in the breast carcinoma tissues. The expression of Survivin protein in mammary gland tumor tissues has no correlation with age, size of tumor, histological grade, ER,PR and axillary lymph node metastasis (P>0.05).2. The positive expression rate of PTEN was observed in 18 of 37(48.6%) cases in the breast carcinoma tissues. The expression level of PTEN was negatively correlated with age and axillary lymph node metastasis(P<0.05), and it was positively correlated with ER level(P<0.05), but it has no correlation with size of tumor and PR level.3. The different histological grade of Oct4 expressions in infiltrating mammary carcinoma tissues are significant deviation existing in expressions (P<0.05).4. Fisher's exact test showed :Survivin exprssion in breast cancer had positive correlation with Survivin expression. Exact test statistics: P =0.01<0.05.PTEN exprssion in breast cancer had negative correlation with Survivin expression. Exact test statistics: P =0.013<0.05.Oct4 exprssion in breast cancer hadn't evident correlation with PTEN expression. Exact test statistics: P =1.00>0.05.Conclusion:1. The expressions of Oct4 and Survivin were showed significan positive correlation between them, which implied that during the canceration of mammary stem cells, the overexprssion of Survivin may lead to the accelarated expression of Oct4. The possible mechanism is that the high expression of Survivin could promote the mutation of PTEN, which blocked the differentiation of mammary stem cells. 2. The high expression rate of PTEN was significally inversely correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis and age , and it was positively correlated with ER level. This study suggests that the expression of PTEN and survivin is correlated with the cellular proliferating activity in breast cancer, and it is probably that the abnomal expression of PTEN and survivin promote oncogennesis and pogression in breast cancer; the expression of PTEN was inversely correlated with survivin, they may have the synergism in the carcinogenesis and progress of breast cancer.3. Oct4 is probably relevant with differentiated extent and it might be an important index for evaluating the prognosis of breast tumor.
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