| Objective To assess the physical growth and psychological development of newborns and infants and to monitor the physical growth deviation and nutritional deficiency of children in Hefei for improving maternal and child health services.Methods The live-born infants from the year of 2004 to 2008 in Hefei were participated in the study. Meanwhile, physical growth of infants who born in 2007 and 2008 were monitored. Neuropsychological development data was analyzed from the children mental health clinic of Hefei Maternal and Child Health Institute between 2007 and 2008. Survey variables of newborns had birth length, birth weight, birth head circumference, birth chest circumference , and gestational age. Length, weight, head circumference, and chest circumference were measured in 42 d, 3 mo, 6 mo, 9 mo and 12 mo old. Hemoglobin was measured in 6 mo, 9 mo and 12 mo after born. Rachitis screening was done in 3 mo, 6 mo, 9 mo and 12 mo after born.Neuropsychological development was measured by pedo-neuropsychological development scale which revised in Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Chi-square test, ANOVA and T-test were used in statistical analysis.Results The average of birth weight, birth length, birth head circumference and birth chest circumference of live-born infants from 2004 to 2008 in Hefei were 3370±451 g, 50.26±1.67 cm, 34.09±1.37cm, and 33.06±1.57cm respectively. The incidence of low birth weight, macrosomia, premature and post-term infant were 2.1% - 2.8%, 7.8% - 9.4%, 3.7% - 4.3% and 2.0% - 3.6% in each years. The average weight in 3 mo, 6 mo, 9 mo and 12 mo old were 6.751±0.798 kg, 8.469±1.002 kg, 9.518±1.123 kg and 10.275±1.163 kg for each. And the average length were 62.18±2.20 cm, 68.54±2.36 cm, 73.02±2.53 cm, 76.77±2.57 cm and 83.29±2.96 cm for each. The weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference level of boys were all higher than those of girls in each months. And the physical development increased level before 6 mo, especially before 3 mo, in both boys and girls was higher than that after 6 mo. The detection rates of low weight were not exceeded 0.5% in both boys and girls. The prevalence rates of obesity of boys and girls were 6.9% - 8.4% and 3.6% - 6.4%. And the rates of boys were higher than that of girls in 3 mo and 12 mo.The hemoglobin value was increasing as children'age. There had a lower rate of anaemia in higher age. The prevalence rate of anaemia was 5.8% in 12 mo. The prevalence rates of uncertained rickets in 3 mo, 6 mo, 9 mo and 12 mo after born were 18.3%,30.9%,21.4% and 18.0% respectively. The prevalence rates of boys in 9 mo and 12 mo were higher than that of girls. The rates showed a inversion "V"-shaped variation, and the hightest in 6 mo. There had no significant difference in every ergoregion and whole score between boys and girls. And the percentage of middle level in every ergoregion was higher than 70%.Conclusion Physical growth and development at birth and in childhood in Hefei had a good level. But there had a high rate of macrosomia infancy and the problem due to excess energy intake. The prevalence rate of anemia was high during weaning transition period. And uncertained rickets had a high detection rate in infant, too. It is necessary that parents of the infant should be nutritional educated and consulted. |
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