The Expression And Clinical Significance Of CD138 And β2-microglobulin In Multiple Myeloma

Objectives:To study the expression of cell adhesion molecule CD138 (syndecan-1) on myeloma cells in patients with multiple myeloma(MM), and expression levels of theβ₂-microglobulin(β₂-MG) in serum of patients with MM,so as to explore the relationship between CD138(syndecan-1)/β₂-MG and MM clinical stage classification,and to provide reference for the clinical treatment and the prognosis assessment for MM.Methods:The MM Group consisted of 20 bone marrow specimens of MM patients visited in hematology department of Second Xiangya Hospital from November,2008 to March,2009,while specimens of 5 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 5 cases of fever with normal bone marrow were collected for the Control Group.The expression of CD138 in myeloma cells was examined by immunohistochemical method,and the laboratory indicators of serumβ₂-microglobulin of all patiants were collected;SPSS17.0 and Statistic Analysis Methods such as t-tests,analysis of variance,homogeneity of variance test,One-Way ANOVA method, spearman rank correlation were also brought into use to analyze the CD138 (syndecan-1) andβ₂-MG expression in MM and the relationship between CD138(syndecan-1)/β₂-MG and MM clinical stage classification.Results: 1.Immunohistochemical test results:The CD138-positive expression rate of the myeloma cells of MM Group was evidently higher than that of plasma cells of Control Group.The difference between two groups is of statistical significance,P＜0.05.The rate in stageâ…¡andâ…¢was significantly higher than that in stageâ… ,all statistical analysis results showed P＜0.05,displaying a statistical significant difference;the rate in stageâ…¢was visibly higher than that in stageâ…¡,statistical analysis result P＜0.05,the difference was of statistical significance.The CD138-positive expression rates of IgA-type,IgG-type, light-chain type myeloma cells were different,but not significantly.2.Serumβ₂-microglobulin test results:The serumβ₂-MG level of the MM patients was obviously higher than the level of Control Group.Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups,P＜0.05.The average serumβ₂-MG level of MM patients in stageâ…¢was higher than that in stageâ…¡,statistical analysis result P＜0.05,the difference was statistically significant;the average serumβ₂-MG level of MM patients in stageâ…¡was higher than that in stageâ… ,but the statistical analysis result P＞0.05 showed no statistically significant difference.The serumβ₂-MG levels of IgA-type, IgG-type,light-chain type of MM were different,but not significantly..3.The comparison of the CD138-positive expression rate of myeloma cells and serumβ₂-microglobulin of MM patients:The spearman correlation analyses showed that the CD138-positive expression rate of myeloma cells of MM patients had a higher degree of correlation with serumβ₂-microglobulin,the spearman correlation coefficient reached 0.580,P=0.007,displaying a statistical significance.Conclusions:1.CD138(syndecan-1) highly expresses in MM myeloma cell surface,the expression level of CD138 may reflect the tumor burden in patients with MM.2.CD138(syndecan-1) andβ₂-microglobulin are closely related to MM clinical stage,providing reference for the clinical treatment and the prognosis assessment for MM.3.The CD138(syndecan-1) -positive expression rate of myeloma cells of MM patients had a higher degree of positive correlation with serumβ₂-microglobulin.4.Different types of multiple myeloma and their expression of CD138 was no significant difference.