The Study Of Malonyl Ginsenosides In American Ginseng

Panax quinquefolium 1. is a herbal medicine. Panax quinquefolium 1. is the North American variety of ginseng native to the United states,France and Canada. They are planted in our country. American ginseng has been introduced into China for 300 years. Because of its special properties and functions, it is widely accepted in the world. Its chemical constituents are really complicated, including ginsenosides, essential oil, amino acid, polysaccharides, and polyacetylene, of which ginsenosides are the main composition. Ginseng root has been used as a form of tonic medicine in China for more than two thousand years. The main active compounds of American ginseng are ginsenosides.Malonyl-ginsenosides are natural aglycone of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, they are acidic, water-soluble, hadro-polar. Malonyl is very instable and can be hydrolyzed easily under acid, alkali, hot water or methyl condition and become homologous panaxsaponin. The content of malonyl-gisenosides are very high in fresh root of American ginseng, Yarnakucbi has reported that the content of malonyl-ginsenosides is higher in fresh American ginseng and reach at 3.14% in branch root of fresh American ginseng. This kind of saponins is always run off with water in industrial production. Because of they are characteristics of hadro-polar.In pharmacology, the malonyl gisenosides has been reported that they can degrade glucose of normal rats markedly. The malonyl-gisenosides can help reduce glycometabolism. The effects are not specific, because they can not only degrade the high glucose of diabetes rats caused byβ-cell destruction induced by streptozotocin and alloxan , but also can degrade the high glucose of diabetes rats not caused by B-cell destruction but induced by antagonizing insulinum. Malonyl-ginsenosides can increase content of hepatic glycose and content of serum cholesterol of diabetes rats induced by streptozotocin and alloxan. The function is similar to insulin.In order to evaluate the quality of American ginseng correctly and lay the foundation for new drugs exploration, this text begins with water-soluble saponin research which are about its extraction, separation, identification, translation and enrich.This graduation thesis uses organic solvent to extract and isolate, Six saponins are isolated from fresh American ginseng in China by the different process of the extraction and isolation, such as extraction of organic solvent, Macro-reticular resins, ODS column chromatography, silica gen column chromatography and others. On the basis of the physical constants, chemical evidence and spectrum analysis [IR,LCQ-MS,HR- SI- MS,¹H NMR,¹³C NMR and 2D NMR (HSQC and HMBC) ], six compounds were characterized. Among them, a new compound was elucidated as DMR1(Double malonyl ginsenoside-R1):3-O-[6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucopyranose-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranose]-20-O-[6-O-malonyl-β-D--glucopyranose (1→6)-β-D- glucopyranose]- 20(S)-protopanoxadiol {3-0- [6- 0-malonyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] -20-O- [6-O-malonyl-)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(s)-protopanaxadiol} .The achievements of this research are as follows:The new compound has been extracted, isolated and identified from fresh American ginseng for the fist time by applying physical and chemical approaches in China.The extracting method of malonyl-gisenosides is improved by using orthogonal experiment. The result shows that methanol can be replaced by ethanol with water when extracting malonyl-gisenosides. This method can avoid the poison brought by using methanol to extract malonyl-gisenosides. "Safety, effectiveness, stability and manageability" of industrial production of malonylgisenosides is ascertained.