| BackgroundSome evidence suggested that Eperythrozoon infection could casue many common sub-health symptoms,such as repeated upper respiratory tract infection(URI) and unknown inflammation.According to the existing data,Eperythrozoon is a kind of conditioned pathogen which can cause infections and disease in certain circumstances. The symtom of eperythrozoon infection is similar to malaria,anemia and other diseases,so it was easily confused,and with the result that cases not easily be found for lack of specific means of laboratory diagnosis.The cases were reported in our country,and the main cause that cases suffer from eperythrozoon was dining out and eating fresh meat.It is generally believed that human beings are susceptible to eperythrozoon,and the rate of infection with sex,age had no significant relationship,and had the households clustering and it is higher in some kinds of professor,like veterinary,dairy cattle breeder and workers slaughter.In some regions,the eperythrozoon infection rate have been investigated,and a large amount of evidence suggested that the infection rates have very large difference(3.27%to 97.29%),however,the rate in Hangzhou was unknown,so we carried out this study.The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the distribution of eperythrozoon infection in Hangzhou,and explore the risk factors of eperythrozoon infection,and probe a feasible detection method.Materials and MethodsStudy Population.Control group:Subjects participated in our study were from Hangzhou.This study was initiated in March 2007.To be eligible,male and female residents had to have been living in Hangzhou for at least 6 months,and persons were ineligible if they are suffering from several acute diseases.Person taking Specific profession:1) from Hangzhou meat and meat products plant, they are engaged in slaughtering,cutting and packing;2) from Hangzhou meat and meat products plant,and they are not touching the meat;3) from Hangzhou dairy Industry Co.,Ltd.,they are touching animals,such as Milking workers,livestock breeder and veterinary.Sample ConstitutionAccording to gender(male and female),and age(0-20,21-40,41-60 and＞60yrs), infection rate(30%),tolerance error(0.2P),about 250 persons should be recruited.Study VariableInformation on demographic and lifestyle factors was collected by standard questionnaire during an in-person interview,which included age,gender,ethnicity, occupation,educational background,individual history of chronic disease,pet, contacting with Livestock,washing hands,food habit.Blood specimen and DetectionVenous blood samples were drawn and collected in K3EDTA-containing Vacutainer tubes,held at 4℃,smears were made,stained and detected for Eperythrozoon.It was judged to be positive if eperythrozoon was found in the field of microscope.Statistical methodsThe data was entried by Epidata twice,and was checked by check program.The significance of categorical variables was assessed by the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Logistic regression was used to estimate crude odds ratio of each variable alone.The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0.All p values were two-sided at the alpha level 0.05 except special note.ResultsOf the 580 individuals were ultimately recruited,351 are ordinary people,64 are woekers who touch meat and meat products from Hangzhou meat and meat products plant,118 are workers who do not touch meat and meat products from Hangzhou meat and meat products plant,35 are milking workers or livestock breeder,and 12 are veterinaries.Of the 580 Blood specimen were tested for eperythrozoon,54 are positive(9.31%).The infection rate was 7.12%in common people,was 20.31%in butcher workman and was 21.28%in milking workers livestock breeder and veterinaries.The differences in infection rates were statistically significant(p＜0.05).In the ordinary population,the differences in infection rates were statistically significant(p＜0.05).In the ordinary population,no significant differences were observed in individuals with age,gender,season and areas the live(p＞0.05).The infection rate become lower and lower with the growth in eduction,but no significant differences were observed(p＞0.05).The infection rate in individuals who have pets were not higher than individuals who have not pets(p＞0.05),but the rate who washed their hands after toucing pets is significant lower than who did not wash their hands(p＜0.05),and the rate who washed using soap was lower than who just using water.In daily life no significant differences were observed whether touing meat,animals or not(p＞0.05). in addition,no significant differences were observed in different food habits.In the common population,the individuals who were judged to be positive were defined as cases,and the individuals who were judged to be negative were defined as controls.We applied logistic regression model to determine the association between each factor and eperythrozoon infection.Results showed that factors including areas who live,pets,touching animals,trauma,food habit,do not affect eperythrozoon infection.This study applies the improved Wright-Giemsa fast staining method.Compared with other dyeing method,this method is able to achieve a clearer background with less impurity.Thus it has the advantages of better cytoblastema and nucleus dyeing effect, the obvious level contrast,the clearer structure which make the objects easy to identify, and its dyeing speed is quick.ConclusionsEperythrozoon infection was common in Hangzhou,and the infection rate was different between the common populations and the specific populationse.The infection showed low density.Wright-Giemsa fast staining method is a preferable method. |
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