| Background: One research report from the China Disease Control Centre shows, the rate of lung cancer occurring and death goes up obviously in recent years, and it shows a trend to the younger generation, the result of clinical treatment is also poor. In the past 30 years, the rate of cancer occurring has risen obviously in China, the rate of lung cancer which ranked the fourth in 1970s has jumped to the first in 2000. From 1970s till now, the rate of lung cancer shows a trend to keeping rising continuously, as is similar to the whole world, the rate of lung cancer occurring and death among male is higher than the rate among female. While in China it varies in different area, the rate in the cities is much higher than the rate in the countryside. The age of lung cancer occurring and death goes up quickly after 40, and it comes to the peak at 70. The report also shows the trend of lung cancer to the young people. It is said from the report the lunge cancer doesn't show much in the early stage, the patients who come for treatment have come to the late stage, that's why the result is quite poor. So the crux of improving the treatment of lung cancer is to diagnose it as early as possible. A kind of mature treatment of lung cancer has not come up till now. At present, the cell diagnose and CT which was encouraged by the developed countries doesn't work in China because of the lack of circumstances, it is quite hard to carry out diagnose earlier. In the resent 20 years, due to the development of photo diagnosis and clinical treatment technology, the surviving rate among lung cancer patient who have been accepted by the hospital has goes up to 25% to 30% in five years, the five years surviving rate of lung cancer is 15% in the developed compared to the below 10% in China. Most of the patient who come for treatment have come to the late stage .and the opportunity of taking an operation has gone. The treatment in China falls far behind the developed countries. In resent years, the acknowledge to cancer theory and living being signals transform has improved which provided opportunities for diagnosing cancer. Lung cancer target treatment include two concepts: anti cancer medicine works on cancer cells, does not work or works a little bit on healthy cells, so only kill the cancer cells , never or seldom destroys the healthy cells, harms the healthy cells a bit. We can give meaning to the "cancer target treatment", this treatment works on the lung cancer cells, never destroys or seldom destroys the healthy cells, meanwhile it reduces the poison reaction, this treatment has become a new trend to cancer treatment because of wide choices. The frequently used points are: cells, signals transform . The EGFR and VEGF are two main points at present, lots of medicine in accordance with this point has achieved good results in the clinical treatment. Immunohistochemistry is a combination of organism chemistry and immunity technology, which is widely used in the modern biology and plays an important role in the foundation medical science and clinical research. It also provides strong method for diagnosing cancer. The three main good points are, 1. high specificity the basic theory of immunity is "the antigen combine with the antibody individually;2. high sensitivity, at the early stage of adjusting immunohistochemistry, the antibody can only be diluted several times by using low sensitivity technology, now the antibody can be diluted million or even billion times by using ABC or SP. the sensitive reaction makes the immunohistochemistry more used in the normal diagnose treatment.3. accurate location, combination of form and function, the PCR which was frequently used has been restricted because of the unclear location in the cells, immunohistochemistry can set clear location in the cells and it can observe different antigen in the same cell, immunohistochemistry is meaningful to the pathology research by combining the form and function.Objective: Studies suggested that some growth factors and their receptors ,such as EGFR,VEGF and Ki-67, play important roles in the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer. In order to study their existence and relationship in lung caner, we investigated in this study the expression of EGFR, VEGF, and Ki-67 simultaneously in the tissues of patients with NSCLC.Methods: Collect 64 samples of surgical resections of lung cancer tissues from the Jinling Hospital between 2000 and 2006. The expressions of EGFR , VEGF and Ki-67 were detected in 64 samples by immunohistochemical methods as controlled by normal lung tissue. The expression levels of EGFR, VEGF, and Ki-67 in 64 cases of patients with NSCLC were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The relativity and differentia between analysis group and normal group were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 statistics software(P<0.05) with x~2 test.Results:1) The positive expression rates of EGFR, VEGF, and Ki-67 in the tissues of lung cancer were 59.4%, 57.8% and 92.2% respectively. Compared with the control group, where positive rates were 0, 9.52% and 4.76% respectively, there were significant differences between them.2) The expression level of EGFR was correlated significantly with the pathologic type, differential extent, TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05).3) The expression level of VEGF was correlated significantly with pathologic type, differential extent and lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05).4) The expression level of Ki-67 was related to differential extent and TNM stage of lung cancer(P<0.05).5) The level of Ki-67 was related to the level of EGFR significantly(P<0.05).6) The level of Ki-67 was related to the level of VEGF significantly(P<0.05).7) There was no statistical relativity between EGFR and VEGF.Conclusion:1) Patients with NSCLC feature high expression of EGFR, VEGF and Ki-67.2) The positive rate of EGFR in the tissue with lung cancer was 59.4%. Though not closely related to age ,sex and smoking history ( P>0.05) , it was intimately linked to pathological type, differential extent, TNM stage and whether or not lymphatic metastasis occurs (P<0.05) .3) The positive rate of VEGF in the tissue with lung cancer was 57.8%. Though not closely related to age ,sex and smoking history ( P>0.05) , it was intimately linked to pathological type, differential extent, TNM stage and whether or not lymphatic metastasis occurs ( P<0.05) .4) The positive rate of Ki-67 in the tissue with lung cancer was 92.2%. Though not closely related to age ,sex and smoking history ( P>0.05) , it was intimately linked to differential extent, TNM stage and whether or not lymphatic metastasis occurs ( P<0.05) .5) There was significant relationship between Ki-67 and EGFR and such relationship may also be identified between Ki-67 and VEGF ( P<0.05). However, no such relationship has been established between EGFR and VEGF ( P>0.05) .
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