| Objective: Semen Sojae Praeparatum is a traditional drug that fermented from ripe beans, it can be used as both drug and food, but we usually believe that it worked in curing tiny disease such as cold in the past. Researches nowadays show that it contains isoflavones, which is deeply active and can function like phytoestrogens. Our earlier research shows that SSP has a therapeutic effect on the osteoporotic model of the rats induced by tretinoin.These findings are the experimental and theoretical bases to enlarge the clinical use of SSP and develop any new drugs for osteoporosis. In our research we used the postmen- opausal osteoporosis model of rats to evaluate the antiosteopo- rosis effect of SSP and investigate possible mechanism.Methods: Seventy-two female rats of six-month were divided into six groups at random: SHAM group, OVX group, low density group of SSP (5g crude drug/kg), middle density group of SSP(10g crude drug/kg), high density group of SSP(20g crude drug/kg) and XLGB group(0.5g/kg). The rats ovaries were removed to establish postmenopausal osteoporosis model. After one week of operation, Distilled water was given to rats of SHAM group and OVX group in same capacity and other groups were given by respective drugs for 12 weeks. The capacity given to rat was 10ml/kg. Rats were raised in cage and fed freely. At the eighteenth and third days before the rats were killed,tetracycline hydrochloride were respectively injected into the abdomen of the rats according to 30mg/kg to mark the bone with fluorescence. Rats were weighed weekly. When the last drug feeded, we anesthetized the rat with 10% chloral hydrate intraperitoneal injection on 350mg/kg, and sumed up the blood from abdominal aorta, abstracted the serum and tested the bone gla protein(BGP) and calcitionin (CT), took the uterus quickly and weigh them, calculated the uterus index. We took the left femoral bone completely and dried it naturally, measured the bone mineral density. Then we took the third lumbar spine and the right femoral, Set on the universal testing machines, at the load speed of 1.0mm/min, carried on the centrum compressive test, takes span 17mm, load speed 2.0mm/min, carried on the thighbone three spot bend tests; fix the 1/3 proximal tibia with 70% ethyl hydroxide,dehydrate it and transparent it to make no-decalcification slice and roluidine blue slice to evaluate the change of bone histomorphometry. The right head of femur was detected the anti-apoptotic by TdT-nediated dUTP Nick End Labeling. We recorded all the datas and analysised them with SPSS 12.0, the datas were expressed with mean standard deviation.Results:1 The effect of SSP extract on body weight in ovariectomized rats Before treatment, the rats'weight had no significant difference(P>0.05); after 12 weeks'treating, their weight had increased, and the weight of OVX group was higher than that of SHAM group(P<0.01), compared with OVX group, the weight of SSP groups were obviously decreased(P<0.01).2 The effect of SSP extract on uterus in ovariectomized rats Compared with the SHAM group, the uterus index in OVX group was obviously lower(P<0.01), the uterus index had no significant difference between the OVX group and the SSP group(P>0.05).3 The effect of SSP extract on serum CT and BGP in ovariecto- mized ratsThe level of the CT in OVX group was lower than that in the SHAM group(P<0.01), but the level of the CT in the high density of SSP group was obviously higher than that in OVX group(P<0.05); The level of the BGP in the OVX group was obviously higher than that in the SHAM group(P<0.01), the level of the BGP in SSP groups had no significant difference with the OVX group(P>0.05).4 The effect of SSP extract on bone mineral density in ovariect- omized ratsThe level of the bone mineral density in OVX group was obviously lower than that in the SHAM group(P<0.05), and the level of the bone mineral density in SSP groups had no significant difference with the OVX group(P>0.05).5 The effect of SSP extract on biomechanics in ovariectomized rats5.1 The effect of SSP extract on lumbar(L3)of microstructure mechanics parameters in ovariectomized ratsThe breaking load and the peak load in the OVX group were obviously lower than those in the SHAM group(P<0.01); Compared with the OVX group, the breaking load and the peak load in the high density of SSP group were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).5.2 The effect of SSP extract on lumbar(L3)of the material mec- hanics parameters in ovariectomized ratsThe ultimate strength, modulus of elasticity, maximum strain in the OVX group were obviously lower than those in the SHAM group(P<0.01); Compared with the OVX group, the ultimate strength and maximum strain were obviously increased in the middle density of SSP group and the high density of SSP group(P<0.01 or P<0.05), the modulus of elasticity was obviou- sly increased in the high density of SSP group(P<0.05).5.3 The effect of SSP extract on thighbone of biomechanics in ovariectomized ratsThe peak load, modulus of elasticity, maximum deflection in the OVX group were obviously lower than those in the SHAM group(P<0.01 or P<0.05); Compared with the OVX group ,the maximum deflection were obviously increased in SSP groups(P<0.01).6 The effect of SSP extract on morphometry in ovariectomized rats 6.1 The effect of SSP extract on trabeculae morphometry of tibia Compared with the SHAM group, the number of trabeculae in the OVX group decreased with obviously thiner and less connections; Compared with the OVX group, the number of trabeculae in SSP groups were increased and with thicker, more connections.6.2 The effect of SSP extract on TBV% of tibia in ovariectom- ized ratsThe TBV% in the OVX group was obviously lower than that in the SHAM group(P<0.01), compared with the OVX group, the TBV% was obviously increased in the middle density of SSP group and the high density of SSP group(P<0.01).6.3 The effect of SSP extract on TRS% of tibia in ovariectom- ized ratsThe TRS% in the OVX group was obviously higher than that in the SHAM group(P<0.01), compared with the OVX group, the TRS% in the high density of SSP group was obviously decreased(P<0.01).6.4 The effect of SSP extract on TFS%,AFS%,MAR and BFR of tibia in ovariectomized ratsThe TFS%,AFS%,MAR and BFR in the OVX group were obviously higher than those in the SHAM group(P<0.01); Compared with the OVX group, the TFS% was obviously decr- eased in the SSP groups, AFS% , BFR was obviously decreased in the middle density of SSP group and the high density of SSP group(P<0.01 or P<0.05), the MAR was obviously decreased in the high density of SSP group(P<0.05).6.5 The effect of SSP extract on OSW,mAR of tibia in ovariect- omized ratsThe levels of OSW,mAR in the OVX group were higher than those in SHAM group(P<0.01); Compared with the OVX group, the OSW in SSP groups were obviously decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), the mAR in the high density of SSP group obviously decreased(P<0.05).7 The effect of SSP extract on apoptotic index of femoral head in ovariectomized ratsCompared with the SHAM group, the apoptotic index in the OVX group was obviously higher (P<0.01); Compared with the OVX group, the apoptotic index in SSP groups were obviously decreased(P<0.01 orP<0.05).Conclusion: SSP can prevent the ovariectomized rats from growing too quickly, meanwhile, it can promote the formulation of trabecula and improve the bone architecture. SSP can increase the strength and hardness of bone, so the quality of bone is raised. SSP can protect the bone against more outside strength, and decrease the bone fracture rate. In one word, it can work as an anti-osteoporosis drug. The possible mechanism is promoteing the CT level in the blood, restraining the activity of osteoclast, so that it could reduce the bone absorption, at the sametime, SSP could restrain the activity of osteoblast to decrease conversion rate of bone, slow down the bone switching cycle. Other possible mechanism is that SSP could slow down the apoptosis of bone cells.
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