| Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. The incidence and development of colorectal cancer are related to many factors, including a variety of the cancer gene activation and the cancer suppressor gene deactivation which play an important role in this process. COX-2 plays an important role in the incidence and development of many tumors, it can promote tumor cells proliferation and inhibit tumor cells apoptosis. Now bcl-2 and bax is recognized one of the important genes which participate in apoptosis control, and are closely related to incidence of a variety of human tumor. Bcl-2 is the anti-apoptosis protein; it can inhibit cell apoptosis, but can not promote cell proliferation. Bax is the pro-apoptotic protein, it combines anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein into heterologous dimer, which can inhibit bcl-2 and promote the cell apoptosis. In this study, immunohistochemistry SP method is used to detect the COX-2, bax, bcl-2 protein expression of the colorectal cancer surgery specimens, trying to find the intrinsic relationship between them, and explore the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, and provide the basis for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment.Methods and Materials:1. Experimental subjects.80 CRC patients operated in colon surgery of Liaoning Province Tumor Hospital, which were not conducted to the supporting radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the former. Collect their clinical information, including: age, gender, tumor size, location, type of organization, the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, Duke's staging, and so on. Access their surgical specimens and the normal mucosa specimens of 20 CRC cases by radical operation.2. Experimental methods.After neutral formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue, sliced row, Immunohistochemistry test with SP method: To observe the expression of COX-2, bax, bcl-2 proteins on CRC and normal mucosal tissue, according to the positive results providing by the reagents, counting in the light of the AB'semi-quantitative method.3. Statistical analysis.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for windows 11.5 software. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance, and all tests and P values reported were two tailed.χ~2 test was used to compare the expressions rate; The Spearman test was used for the correlation of expressions between COX-2, bcl-2 and bax.Results:1. The expression of COX-2, bcl-2, bax in normal and CRC tissues. Immunohistochemical assay results showed that in all cases: COX-2 and bcl-2 expressions rate were statistically significant between CRCs tissue and normal colonic mucosa, nor was bax expression.2. The relationship between the expressions of COX-2, bcl-2, bax in CRCs and clinical indicators.COX-2 expression rate was high in the colon cancer tissue of invading disease, lymph node metastasis, and Duke's C and D stage; and was no significant difference in gender, age, tumor size and type of organizations.Bcl-2 expression rate was low in the colon cancer tissue of lymph node metastasis, and Duke's C and D stage; and was no significant difference in gender, age, tumor invasion, tumor size and type of organizations.Bax expression rate was low in the colon cancer tissue of lymph node metastasis, and Duke's C and D stage; and was no significant difference in age, sex, tumor invasion, tumor size and type of organizations.3. The correlation of expressions between COX-2, bcl-2 and bax in the CRCs.There was positive correlation between COX-2 and bax expressions in the colon cancer tissue; there was negative correlation between bcl-2 and bax expressions; there was negative correlation between COX-2 and bcl-2 expressions.Conclusions:1. There is high expression of COX-2 and bcl-2 in human CRCs tissue. There is high expression of COX-2 and bax in patients of invasive disease. In terminal stage, bcl-2 expression is low.2. There is positive correlation between COX-2 and bax expressions. There is negative correlation between bcl-2 and bax expressions. There was negative correlation between COX-2 and bcl-2 expressions.
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