| Mesenchymal stem cell is also called as marrow stromal cell, which is a kind of stem cell existed in marrow of mature body. It has the basic characters of stem cell. It has been successfully induced to many kinds of intistitial cells in vitro. MSCs can be derived from umbilical cord blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical vein endothelial cells, peripheral blood and muscle. It can promote hematopoietic stem cells to grow, and it also has some characters as follows which arousing interesting: 1 induced by cytokine and different physical and chmical condition, MSCs has the potential to be differentiate to osteoblast, chondrocyte, fat cell, muscle cell and even neuron-like cell. 2 MSCs is the hematopoietic supporting cell, which promote the growth of hematopoietic stem cells as trophoblast cell. It has the characters of isolate easily, amplify easily and manipulate easily in vitro. MSCs has the broad future in the field of tissue technology, cell transplantation and gene therapy.As a kind of stem cell of mature body, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (UCB-MSCs) has multiple differentiate directions, ability of active proliferation, high efficiency of transfection and expression to exogenous gene, promote hematopoiesis, isolate and culture easily in vitro, which arouse more and more interesting to researchers both from national and international. Both finalized mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) and non-finalized mesenchymal precursor cells exist in many interstitial tissues. Finalized mesenchymal precursor cells, such as muscle stellate cell and adipose precursor cell, can only be regeneration in part of the tissue; non-finalized mesenchymal precursor cells, such as primary stellate cell in mature muscle tissue, can be differentiate into other kind of interstitial tissue ,such as muscle, bone, cartilage and fat by culture in vitro.In certain induced condition, it can multiple differentiated into all kinds of cells in interstitial pedigree, such as osteoblast, chendrocyte, fat cell and muscle cell, and nerve cell and hepatocyte beyond interstitial pedigree. UCB-MSCs has good advantages as follows: it has plenty of resource, it is primary cell, proliferate powerfully, derive easily, has no pain or side effect to pregnant women and children, accept easily. Umbilical cord blood is clean; it has low probability to infect germ and virus. Fetus immune system is primary; the probability to get GVHR is relatively low. Therefore, perhaps umbilical cord blood can be the second resource to get MSCs apart from marrow.Recently, UCB-MSCs showed broad future in the field of cell therapy, gene therapy, tissue technology because of its characters of multiple differentiation and immune modulation. Special attention has been taken to its ability immune modulation. MSCs has broad and complex function in immune modulation in transplantation. UCB-MSCs has the function of amplifying myeloid progenitor cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells, inhibit lymphoid progenitor cells and promote hematopoiesis. UCB-MSCs has some relationship with IL-4,IFN-γin fighting against GVHD. Detection of cytokine in UCB-MSCs supernatant showed IFN-γcontent is lower than that of cultuted T cell singly, which is thought as one of a major reason for relieving GVHD in UCB-MSCs transplantation. Studies have been taken in the analysis of T cell subgroup, its relationship with secretion of some cytokine, mechanism that some cytokine secretion can lead to up-regulation or down-regulation of some antibody, number of CD4+ CD28+ CD8+ CD28+ cells decreased can cause CVL but can not cause GVHD, killing effect of UCB-MSCs to K562 and its relationship with extra cellular matrix. These have great help to forecast GVHD risk, prevent and treat all-HSCT postoperative GVHD, reduce morbidity and mortality, increase accepter live quality and long-term survival rite.
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