Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy For The Treatment Of Upper Urinary Calculi In Children (in 51 Cases)

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)for the treatment of upper urinary calculi in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 51 cases of children who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures from August 2005 to March 2007. The series consists of 34 boys and 17 girls,8 month to 14 years old(mean age 7.1) ,The size of the stones ranged from 1.0cm to 3.5cm in diameter(mean size 2.5cm). Unilateral renal calculi was 42 cases,bilateral renal calculi was 3 cases, Renal calculi merging ipsilateral ureteral calculi was 4 cases,upper ureteral calcili was 2cases.2cases had renal inadequacy,3 cases had open nephrolithotomy history, 1 case had extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) history. Results: Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures were performed in all children and the tract was dilated to F16. Single nephrostomy access track was required.Average operative time was 68 minutes ,a 87.03% stone-free rate was achieved using percutaneous nephrolithotomy monotherapy. Blood transfusion was performed in 2 case,residual stones in 7 case,1 case was complicated with urinary fistula.No severe complications were noted. Conclusion: MPCNL is safe and effective for treating renal and upper ureteral calculi in children.