Cohort Study On Birth Weight With Pregnant Anemia And Related Factors

Objective This study was performed to reveal the prevalence and characteristics of anemia in pregnancy, explore the influences of pregnancy anemia and other risk factors on newborns'birth weight, such as complications during pregnancy and psychological factors during terminal pregnancy, and to suggest ways to make the further prevention programs on anemia during pregnancy and low birth weight and develop better health care for pregnant women.Methods All subjects were recruited from pregnant women who accepted health care in the obstetrical clinic of Attached Hospital of Bengbu Medical College in Bengbu City, North of Anhui Province, during the period from Sep. 2006 to May. 2007. Completed data of 461 subjects were collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the cohort of subjects. Health examination records of the subjects during early pregnancy were collected in the beginning they entered the cohort, as well as basic information as social economic characteristics of the pregnant women and their husbands. Weight, infection disease, accompany disease and obstetric complication of the pregnant women were gathered in the following period, and hematology and biochemical index were detected during terminal pregnancy, together with psychological factors determined by LES, SAS, and SDS. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 11.0.Results The total prevalence of anemia during pregnancy was 49.7%. Hemoglobin decreased in terminal pregnancy compared to early pregnancy, and led to an increase of anemia prevalence from 25.8% to 43.8%.The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy negatively related to education level of pregnant women and that of their husbands, e.g. from groups of less than junior middle school, senior middle school, to higher than junior college it gradually decreased. Also, the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy was higher in farmers than in those who were civil servants or worked in culture, education and public health enterprises.Hemoglobin and serum albumin during terminal pregnancy were positively related to newborn's birth weight. The prevalence of low birth weight was significantly lower in newborns of those women who with infection disease or other accompany disease or obstetric complications during pregnancy than those without these diseases. However, no significant difference was found between newborns of anemia and non-anemia groups. Uni-variable logistic regression analyses of risk factors for low birth weight indicated that hemoglobin during terminal pregnancy, infection disease and other accompany diseases during pregnancy, fetal asphyxia, premature rupture of membranes, and weight gain during pregnancy were significantly associated with low birth weight. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum albumin during terminal pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy were negatively related to low birth weight, with RR equal to 0.871 and 0.835, with 95%C.I between 0.783-0.970 and 0.766-0.911; While infectious disease and other accompany diseases during pregnancy, fetal asphyxia, and premature rupture of membranes increased risk of low birth weight, with RR equal to 3.061, 5.080, 7.219, 4.873, respectively, and with 95%C.I in 1.062-8.821, 2.874-18.137, 1.862-13.863, and 2.087-11.382, respectively.Conclusion The total prevalence of anemia during pregnancy is 49.7%. Anemia during pregnancy aggravates with pregnancy progress, and there exist significant associations between anemia in pregnancy and social economic status of pregnancy women and their families. Women with anemia during pregnancy incline to develop infection disease and other pregnancy accompany diseases and obstetric complications.Hemoglobin and serum albumin during terminal pregnancy positively relate to the newborns'birth weight. Infectious diseases and other accompany diseases during pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and fetal distress are risk factors for low birth weight. No significant association is found between anxiety, depression of women during terminal pregnancy and newborns'birth weight.