| Objectives To investigate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (6% HES 130/0.4) pretreatment on the endotoxin–induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=12 each):group C (control group);group L [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group];in group H1-H4 1 hour before LPS 5mg/kg i.v. 6% HES (130/0.4) 7.5 ml/kg (group H1), 15 ml/kg (group H2) or 30ml/kg (group H3) was infused i.v. at a rate of 0.2ml/min; group H4 received only 6% HES (130/0.4) 30ml/kg. The rats were sacrificed after blood gases examples had been taken. The lungs were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of W/D lung weight ratio, protein content of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF),pulmonary microvascular permeability index(PMPI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.Serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), maleic dialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also measured.Results①Compared with group C, pH, PaO2 were significantly decreased in group L, H1, H2 and H3,and PaCO2 were increased(P<0.05). Compared with group L, PaO2 was significantly increased in group H1, H2 and H3,however, PaCO2 was decreased ( P < 0.05 ) .②Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, MPO activity, MDA concentration, SOD activity, PMPI, BALFpro and W/D were significantly lower in group C than those in any other group(P<0.05). Compared with group L, MPO activity, serum TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA concentration were significantly decreased in group H2, IL-1βwas significantly decreased in group H1(P<0.05);besides, Serum IL-10 and SOD activity were significantly increased in group H2(P<0.05), serum IL-1βwere significantly decreased in group H1(P<0.05), and PMPI, BALFpro and W/D were significantly decreased in group H1, H2 and H3 compared with group L(P <0.05). Compared with group H2, serum TNF-α, MPO activity and MDA concentration were significantly increased in group H1 and H3, SOD activity and IL-10 was significantly decreased, and serum IL-1βwere significantly increased in group H(3P<0.05). There was no difference in all subjects between group H1 and H2(P>0.05).③The histologic damage to the lung were significantly improved in group H1, H2 and H3 compared with group L. But it was the slightest in group H2.Conclusion Pretreatment with the dose (15 ml·kg-1) of 6% HES (130/0.4) can attenuate LPS-induced ALI and its mechanism may act through inhibition of inflammatory cytokines expression, neutrophil recruitment and oxygen free radicals and improvement of pulmonary microvascular permeability.
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