| In this paper, we studied the effect of Xanthoceraside on learning and memory impairment in mice induced by Aβ25-35. In step-down test, extract of the husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge (EXB), bunkanka saponins (BS) and Xanthoceraside could significantly improve memory acquisition impairment induced by scopolamine and memory consolidation impairment induced by sodium nitrite. The step-down test, step-through test, water maze test and Y-maze test were performed to investigate the effect of Xanthoceraside on learning and memory in mice impaired by intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of Aβ25-35. The results showed that the administration of Xanthoceraside (0.32～0.08 mg/kg) reduced number of error and prolonged the latency in step-down test and step-through test in mice impaired by Aβ25-35. In water maze test, the latency to find the terminal platform was decreased and the number of right reflect was increased, and the percentage alternation was increased in Y maze test in mice treated with Xanthoceraside compared with the model mice impaired by Aβ25-35. The decrease of activities of SOD and GSH-PX and the increase of content of MDA in mice impaired by Aβ25-35 were significantly prevented by administration of Xanthoceraside. The morphology of cerebral cortex and hippocampus was determined by HE and Nissl's staining. Xanthoceraside prevented the nerve cell in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus from the damages of Aβ25-35 on the basis of pathology. It also showed that Xanthoceraside had protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells in culture exposed to L-glutamate in vitro.These results indicate that Xanthoceraside as the most important effective component of EXB has the effect of improving learning and memory impairment in mice induced by i.c.v. of Aβ25-35 The mechanism maybe involves improvement of the central cholinergic system, decrease of the free radical and protection against the neurotoxicity of Aβ25-35 and L-glutamate.
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