The Retrospective Investigation Of The Incidental Factors Of Cleft Lip And Palate In 167 Patients

Background and subjectiveCleft lip and palate is one of the common birth defects. Epidemiologic surveys indicate that the male incidence of cleft lip and palate more than the female, the left incidence more than the right. Cleft lip with palate is the most proportion of cleft lip and palate which is about fifty-eight percentage. Meanwhile, the incidence rate is different because of difference of race and region. Certain documents reported that the incidence of cleft lip and palate was associated with the blood type, dermatoglyph and seasonality.Cleft lip and palate is a polygenetic hereditary disease. Recently studies show the percentage of genetic factors is from twenty to fifty. The hereditary mode of cleft lip with or not with palate is multifactor-action-threshold doctrine. The incidence of palate results from the effects of the single chief gene and environmental factors. Study on the alleles of cleft lip and palate is a hotspot in recent years. Reports of candidate genes are many, including transforming growth factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta-3, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 3,retinoic acid receptor alpha, 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, interferon regulatory factor 6,poliovirus receptor related-1, MSX1,DXL2,ect all, but they are hard to have a unanimous conclusion.Environmental factor plays an important role in the incidence of cleft lip and palate. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption in early pregnancy enhances the risk of the incidence of oral cleft obviously. Epidemiologic surveys or animal experiments indicate that some kinds of drugs, such as hormones, anticonvulsivant drugs, acesodyne, sedatives, some antibiotics, aldyl agent, arene drugs, can induce the incidence of oral cleft. In addition, infection of pathogen in early pregnancy, lack of nutrition, touching with industrial toxicant, exposure of radioactive ray ,change of internal environment enhance the risk of the incidence of cleft lip and palate.Some documents report cleft lip and palate has a higher incidence rate in the fetus with a lower weight. The incidence of cleft lip and palate is associated with the times of fetation, age, occupation, degree of culture, disease with pregnancy of the mother. In a word, the incidence of cleft lip and palate dues to the influence of genetic factors and environmental factors. The etiological is unclear. The mechanism is indistinction. The aetiological research of cleft lip and palate needs to study further and deeper.There are only few reports on the incidental related factors of cleft lip and palate in Henan province. This paper is a summary of the information of the retrospective investigation of 167 patients of cleft lip and palate in random, which is hoped to screen the incidental factors of cleft lip and palate in Henan province, and pad the spacing. It is also wished to give a support to the guidance of prepotency.Materials and Methods1. We collected 167 patients of cleft lip and palate in random in April of 2006. All of them are from Henan province. Ages of them are from three months to twenty-five years old. The male is one hundred and ten; the female is fifty-seven. The single lip cleft patients is 33; single palate cleft is 29; cleft lip with palate is 105.2. The retrospective investigation was done from the segments of family history, exposure of radioactive ray in early pregnancy, touching with toxicant, infection in early pregnancy, drugs, smoking and passive smoking, nutrition and the times of mother's pregnancy and childbearing, mother's age, mother's occupation, mother's degree of culture. 3. Statistical analysis: All the data is analyzed by the software SPSS 10.0. We use the chi square test and size of testα=0.05.Results1. The number of the patients who have a positive family history is eight, 4.82. The number of the patients whose mother has passive smoking in early pregnancy is sixty-two, 37.1 percent of all the patients. The number of the patients whose mother has infection in early pregnancy is fifty-four, 32.3 percent of all the patients. The number of the patients whose mother took drugs in early pregnancy is sixty-four, 38.3 percent of all the patients. The number of the patients whose mother has infection in early pregnancy is fifty-four, 32.3 percent of all the patients. The number of the patients whose mother has exposure of radioactive ray in early pregnancy is twenty-eight, 19.2percent of all the patients. The number of the patients whose mother has touching with toxicant is thirty-two, 19.2 percent of all the patients. The number of the patients whose mother is lack of nutrition is one hundred and fifteen, 68.9 percent of all the patients.3.The age of mother: the highest is forty-five, the lowest is eighteen; the number whose age is less than thirty years is one hundred and three, 61.7 percent of the total. The number whose age is more than thirty years is sixty-four, 38.3 percent of the total. The times of mother's pregnancy and childbearing: the number of the first time is eighty-eight, 52.7 percent of the total; the number of the second time is sixty-seven, 40.1 percent of the total. The number of the mother who is a farmer is one hundred and thirty seven, 82.0 percent of the total. The number of the mother who is below the primary degree of culture is one hundred and forty three, 85.6 percent of the total.4. All the factors have no significantly changed (P > 0.05) in contribution to the single lip cleft , the single palate cleft , the cleft lip with palate.Conclusion1. Environmental factor plays an important role in the incidence of cleft lip and palate in Henan province. Infection, drug, passive smoking, lack of nutrition in early pregnancy enhances the incidence of cleft lip and palate obviously. In addition, the mother's occupation and culture degree shows certain connection with the incidence of cleft lip and palate.2. All the factors have no significantly changed in contribution to the single lip cleft, the single palate cleft, the cleft lip with palate.