The Correlation Analysis Of Smoking And Nephropathy Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has now become a globally epidemic non-infectious disease and the third leading cause of death following heart disease and cancer due to its chronic complications. Diabetic nephrophathy (DN) is one of the most important microvascular complications of T2DM. Because DN is difficult to treat, it has become one of the most primary death causes of DM.Objective: To analyse the correlation between smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The clinical data of 150 patients with T2DM treated in the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2006 to 2007 were analysed. There are 74 smoking patients (Group A) with T2DM, 65 males and 9 females, with the average age 51.76 years old. There are 76 non-smoking patients (Group B) with T2DM, 33 males and 43 females, with the average age 54.59 years old. There are 109 T2DM patients (Group C) without DN, 34 males and 75 females, with the average age 52.59 year old. There are 41 patients (Group D) with DN, 23 males and 18 females, with the average age 55.59 year old. The diagnosis of T2DM accorded with the new diagnostic criteria of WHO in 1999: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)≥7.0mmol/L, Random blood sugar (RBS)≥11.1mmol/L or Oral glucose tolerance test (OCTT) 2 hours blood glucose≥11.1mmol/L. The diagnosis of DN: 1. earlier period of DN: urine Albumin excretion rate (UAER) for 24 hours≥30-300mg/day; 2. clinical DN:urine protein quantitation for 24 hours>0.5g/d; UAER for 24hours>300mg/d; renal function is broken compensation, as BUN>7.1mmol/L, creatinine>115.0umol/L, except other renal diseases. Serum levels of FBG, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), cholesterol and triglyceride of Group A,B,C and D were measured and compared statistically. Analyse the influential factors of DN.Results: 1. There was no statistical difference in cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and body mass index between male and female (P>0.05).2. There was no statistical difference in age, sex, course of disease, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressur and body mass index between Group A and Group B (P>0.05). The levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin of Group A were significantly higher than Group B (P<0.05), respectively.3. The course of disease, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressur in Group D were significantly higher than Group C (P<0.05), respectively. When the course of disease is more than ten years, the incidence of diabetic nepropathy is highest.4. The levels of serum glycosylated hemoglobin, the course of disease and systolic blood pressure were positively correlated with diabetic nepropathy (P<0.05). There were no correlation between smoking and diabetic nepropahty.Conclusions: 1. The levels of serum of cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin of smoking patients are significantly higher than non-smokers. Smoking can cause the disorder of glycometabolism and lipid metabolism.2. There is no obviously statistical difference between patients with DN and without complication in the levels of serum of cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.3. The levels of serum glycosylated hemoglobin, the course of disease and systolic blood pressure were positively correlated with diabetic nepropathy. The longer the course of diabetic is, the higher the incidence of diabetic nepropathy is.4. There is no correlation between smoking and diabetic nepropahty.