Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated Into Dopaminergenic Neurons In Vitro

Objective:Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons play an essential role in modulating motor control, The role of DA neurons in the CNS involves global effects on motor integration, neuroendocrine hormone release, cognition and emotive behaviors. Defects in central DA neurons affect a wide range of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Schizophrenia and Tourette's disease. Furthermore several addictive drugs such as cocaine act directly on dopaminergic neurotransmission. The generation and use of DA neurons in vitro provides an important resource for studying the molecular mechanisms of such conditions. And the greatest motivation in the field has been the potential use of DA neurons for cell transplantation therapy in Parkinsonian patients.Over the last decade, a number of protocols and cell sources have been used for the derivation of DA neurons in vitro. The two main renewable cell sources that emerged from these studies are: neural stem cells (NSC) and embryonic stem cells (ESC). However, the application of neural stem cells and embryonic stem cells are limited in cell transplantation therapy because of difficultly accessible and ethic problem. A lot of recent research in the stem cell field suggested that organ-specific...