CAG Repeat Length Polymorphism At The Androgen Receptor Gene Exon 1 Is Associated To Development Of Bladder Carcinoma In Males And Lung Cancer

Carcinoma of bladder is the most frequent malignancy in urinary tract, and lung cancer is among the most prevalent neoplasms in human. Some environment factors, including smoking and occupation, have been associated to their development. Noteablly, both the bladder and lung cancers are prone to develop in males, with their male/female ratios being 3.5 and 3.0, respectively. The marked sex predilection indicates a possible role of functions mediated by receptors for sex hormones, particularly androgen hormone, in bladder and lung carcinogenesis. Androgen receptor (AR) has been detected in the Tissue of bladder urothelium and urothelial carcinoma (UTC) and lung cancer. Recently, a highly polymorphic short-tandem repeat (STR) locus, namely the (CAG)n sequence, was identified at AR gene exon 1, leading to large-range variation in length of the polyglutamine motif in its encoding protein. The motif was proven to be a modulator of AR functions, with the number...