Dissecting The Peripheral Mechanisms Underlying Bee Venom-induced Nociception And Inflammation In Conscious Rats: The Roles Of Protein Kinase A And C

Background and purpose: Inflammation caused by peripheral tissue injures produces pain-related behavior (persistent spontaneous nociception and hyperalgesia) and inflammatory reaction such as redness and edema. Inflammation can be divided into neurogenic and non-neurogenic/histogenic process. Inflammation triggered by substances released from sensory nerve terminals is referred to as"neurogenic inflammation."Nociceptive impulses also can be antidromically transmitted into the peripheral nerve terminals when they are sent to the spinal cord from the injury site. The process is generally attributed to the release of substance P(SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) mediated by axon reflex and/or dorsal root reflex .These inflammatory mediators then produce or promote the dilation of peripheral blood vessels, resulting in the development of neurogenic inflammation. Histogenic inflammation refers to the process that local insults cause the release of a lot of inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin,prostaglandin E2,5-HT,histamine and cytokinin which result in the development of the inflammation.The hyperalgesia induced by peripheral inflammation is dependent on the increase of reactivity of spinal root neurons and the sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors. Nociceptive stimulation causes the release of...